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[Pages 324-325]
      Turk, Rudolph Samuel, born at Middlebrook, Augusta county, Virginia, December 6, 1849, son of Rudolph Turk and Annie E. Robertson, his wife, is a descendant, on both the paternal and maternal side, of the early settlers of the valley of Virginia, among whom was Robert Turk, who obtained from the crown extensive grants of land, and in whose honor was named "Turk's Mountain" and "Turk's Gap," a public road running through the latter named, although almost totally abandoned by travelers at the present time. He was educated in the country schools and at a classical school conducted by Professor John H. Lecky. His studies were interrupted by his service in the Confederate army, which he joined in 1864, participated in the battle of Piedmont, and served in the army near Lynchburg. After the war he became a student at Roanoke College for two sessions. In 1874 studied law in the University of Virginia, and in 1875 located in Pocahontas county, West Virginia, for the active practice of his profession, and there remained until 1888, when he disposed of his interests and moved to Wichita, Kansas, where he entered into business relations with William H. Carlisle, which connection continued until April, 1890, the death of his father then necessitating his return to Virginia, and a few months later he established an office in Staunton and resumed the practice of law. During his residence in West Virginia he was prosecuting attorney for Pocahontas county for eight years. He has also served in several other public positions, and in 1906 was a member of the board of the Western State Hospital at Staunton, and by virtue of this position was a member of the board of hospitals for the state at large. He is also the editor of the "Staunton Spectator," the oldest and most widely known newspaper in the valley of Virginia. Mr. Turk married, December 17, 1879, Willie Cary, of Lewisburg, West Virginia.

[Page 325]
      Horseley, John Dunscombe, born at Forkfield, Nelson county, Virginia, April 30, 1849, son of William Andrew Horseley, M. D., and Eliza S. Perkins, of Richmond, Virginia, his wife. He attended the private schools in Nelson county, Virginia, until the outbreak of the civil war. In 1864 he joined the corps of cadets of the Virginia Military Institute; 1864-65, serving with them in the vicinity of Richmond until the evacuation of that city in April, 1865. After the war he was a student at Norwood, Nelson county; entered the University of Virginia in 1869, and after two years in the law course, engaged in practice in Nelson county. He was elected judge of the fifth circuit of Virginia, and was re-elected after serving four months of his second term, but resigned to resume the practice of law, forming a partnership with Capt. Charles M. Blackford, and becoming attorney and counselor for various corporations. He was president of the First National Bank of Lynchburg; director and general counsel of the Lynchburg Traction and Light Company; of the Montgomery Traction Company, and attorney and director for a number of private business corporations; member of the Virginia Bar Association; of the Piedmont and Oakland clubs, of Lynchburg; the Shenandoah Club, of Roanoke; the Westmoreland Club of Richmond; the Lynchburg Boat Club; and Garland Rhodes Camp of United Confederate Veterans. On February 23, 1879, he married Florence M. Tunstall, daughter of Hon. William Massie, of Nelson county, Virginia.

[Pages 325-326]
      Moon, John Barclay, born in Albemarle county, Virginia, July 20, 1849, a son of Robert Barclay Moon, civil engineer, farmer and surveyor, and his wife, Mary Massie, a daughter of Nathaniel and Susan (Woods) Massie, and a descendant of Charles Massie, who, in 1768, bought "Spring Valley," a plantation in Albemarle county. Jacob Moon was the first member of the Moon family to settle in Albemarle county, where he owned much land, and served as paymaster of the Nineteenth Virginia Regiment during the war of the revolution. In the early years of his life John B. Moon assisted in the cultivation of his father's farm. He attended the school conducted by D. P. Powers, near Scottsville, and afterwards was a student at Washington College, from 1863 to 1868. For two years he studied law, was admitted to the bar, and established himself in his profession in Charlottesville. He was elected to the Virginia house of delegates, 1881, 1883 and 1893; during his service in the general assembly he was chairman of the finance and railroads committees of the house; was commissioner for Virginia to settle the direct tax with the United States government refunded to Virginia in 1892-93; in 1895 he was chosen chairman of the commission for the settlement of the old debt of the original state of Virginia with the state of Virginia. He was chairman of the county Democratic committee for some years, and served as chairman of the board of supervisors of Albemarle county for about twelve years. Mr. Moon married, March 20, 1878, Marion Gordon Dabney, a daughter of William S. Dabney, of "Dunlora," Albemarle county, and his wife, Susan Fitzhugh Gordon.

[Page 326]
      Wickham, Henry Taylor, born at "Hickory Hill," Hanover county, Virginia, December 17, 1849, son of Gen. Williams Carter Wickham and Lucy Penn Taylor, his wife. He attended the schools in the neighborhood of his home and then entered Washington and Lee University College (Washington and Lee University), presided over by Gen. Robert E. Lee, whence he was graduated Bachelor of Arts in 1868. He completed his studies in the law department of the University of Virginia, under the instruction of Professor John B. Minor, and was graduated in 1870. In December of this year he began work in a lawyer's office in Richmond, rising in his profession until in 1874 he was made assistant attorney for the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad Company, later becoming general solicitor for the road. He was elected to the house of delegates of Virginia in 1879, and in 1888 began his long career as state senator, in which he came to be looked upon as the leading member. He long strove for the settlement of the question of state debts and as chairman of the finance committee of the senate rendered efficient service to the state. His religious preference is for the Protestant Episcopal church, and he is a member of the Virginia Historical Society, the Sons of Confederate Veterans, and the Hanover Troop Association. His home is the old family seat, "Hickory Hill." Senator Wickham married, December 17, 1885, Elsie Warwick Barksdale, of Richmond, Virginia, and has children.

[Page 326]
      Magill, Mary Tucker, born in Jefferson county, Virginia, August, 1832, daughter of Dr. Alfred Thruston Magill and Anne Evaline Hunter, daughter of Judge Henry St. George Tucker; she was educated at Richmond and at the University of Virginia, where her father was professor of medicine. After the war she established, with her mother, a boarding school at Winchester, Virginia. She contributed sketches to periodicals and corresponded with various newspapers, and was the author of "The Holcombes," a story of Virginia home life; "Women, or Chronicles of the Late War;" a "School History of Virginia," generally used in the public schools of the state; and "Pantomimes, of Wordless Poems."

[Pages 326-327]
      Taylor, George Boardman, born in Richmond, Virginia, December 27, 1832; graduated at Richmond College, taught for a short time, and then studied three years at the University of Virginia, also serving as pastor of two Baptist churches in the vicinity. He was pastor two years in Baltimore, Maryland, then for twelve years at Staunton, Virginia, leaving his church in 1862 to serve as chaplain of Stonewall Jackson's corps. Afterwards he was post-chaplain, in conjunction with his pastorate. In 1869 he became chaplain of the University of Virginia for two years, after which he returned to his church at Staunton, from which he resigned in 1873, being appointed a Southern Baptist missionary to Rome, Italy. He was co-editor of the "Christian Review" for two years, and since 1876 was one of the editors of "Il Seminatore," a monthly Baptist magazine published in Rome. The degree of Doctor of Divinity was given him by Richmond College and the University of Chicago in 1872. His publications include "Oakland Stories," "Costar Grew," "Roger Bernard, the Pastor's Son," and "Walter Ennis," a tale of the early Virginia Baptists.

[Pages 327-328]
      Ruffin, Edmund, was born in Prince George county, Virginia, January 5, 1794. He was a son of George Ruffin, who served in the Virginia legislature and Jane Lucas, his first wife. He was grandson of Edmund Ruffin and Jane Skipwith, daughter of Sir William Skipwith, baronet, of Mecklenburg county, Virginia. He attended William and Mary College in 1810-12, but neglected his studies and was suspended. He at once enlisted in a volunteer company and served against the British from August 12, 1812 to February, 1813, when, his father having died, he left the army to take care of an estate at "Coggin's Point," James river. Here he began a long career of activity of mind and body. He devoted himself to practical farming and extensive reading. He read as much as eight hours each day and covered not only all the books available on agriculture and science, but he was thoroughly versed in Biblical, historical, economic and political literature. He amassed one of the largest and most valuable private libraries in Virginia. He had an inventive genius and contrived various home-made pieces of machinery to save labor on his farm. In 1818 he was secretary of the United Agricultural Society of Virginia, in 1823-1826 he was a state senator, in 1840 he was secretary of the State Board of Agriculture, in 1842 he was agricultural surveyor of the state of South Carolina, in 1845 he was president of the Virginia State Agricultural Society, and in 1854 he was agricultural commissioner of the state. As an agriculturalist he anticipated most of the improvements in modern farming — the use of the legumes and marl as fertilizers of poor soil, drainage and blind ditching and the five field rotation of crops. By following these methods and by a judicious employment of negro labor, he increased the value of his estate from $25,000 to $200,000, and, his example being followed by all the other planters, the lands of tidewater Virginia increased, in the brief space of thirteen years, 1837-1850, to an amount valued at $23,000,000. The most famous of his works was an "Essay on Calcareous Manures," published in 1835, which went through four editions, increasing in size at each edition till from one hundred and sixteen pages it reached in 1852, four hundred and ninety pages. In another pamphlet he pressed the importance of an agricultural college and was the first in the United States to outline the course of study for such an institution. He was editor of the "Farmer's Register" and the "Bank Reformer." In 1855 he gave up farming, divided his estate among his children, and devoted himself to politics. He had started life as an opponent of slavery and rather Federalistic in his views and became a strong advocate of the institution and extreme states rights man. He favored nullification in 1832 and joined the Whit part of states rights and voted for Harrison. Having proved to his satisfaction that negro slaves could be made a successful factor in the production of wealth, and believing that connection with the northern states was greatly detrimental to the South, he set to work to bring about a dissolution of the Union. He both wrote and spoke in favor os secession, but meeting with little success in Virginia he expatriated himself and went to South Carolina. Here he joined the Palmetto Guards and fired the first shot at Fort Sumter, April 12, 1861. During the war, despite his age, he saw military service at Bull Run, assuming all the duties of a soldier. At the conclusion of hostilities, unwilling to survive Southern independence and the loss of the labors of a life. he committed suicide at "Redmoor," the residence of his son Edmund, in the seventy-second year of his age, June 18, 1865

[Page 328]
      Craighill, William Price, born in Charlestown, Jefferson county, Virginia, July 1, 1833. After attending Charlestown Academy he entered the United States Military Academy, where he graduated in 1853, second in a class of fifty-two. He was assigned to the engineer corps, and superintended the building of Fort Delaware in 1858. He was made first lieutenant July 1, 1859, and served until 1864 at the military academy as instructor, treasurer, and in command of an engineer detachment. He was made captain March 3, 1863; constructed defences for Pittsburgh when it was threatened by Morgan, and was chief engineer of the middle department from April till June, 1864. He was brevetted lieutenant-colonel March 13, 1865, for services at Cumberland Gap; was made major November 23; served on the board for carrying out the modifications of the New York defences from June 20 till November 10, 1865. He superintended the defences of Baltimore harbor from 1865 till 1867 Later he was engaged on the improvement of the Potomac, near Washington, from 1870 till 1874; that of the Appomattox river, 1870-71; and of the Delaware in 1873. He was sent to examine movable dams and other works in France and Great Britain in 1877-78. On January 2, 1881, he was promoted to lieutenant-colonel. He was retired as chief of engineers, and died in 1909. He compiled "Army Officer's Pocket Companion" (New York, 1861); translated Dufour's "Cours de tactiques;" and jointly with Capt. Mendell, Gen. Jomini's "Prècis de l'art de la guerre."

[Pages 328-329]
      Pollard, Henry Rives, born in Nelson county, Virginia, August 29, 1833, son of Major Richard Pollard and Paulina Cabell Rives, his wife; was educated at the Virginia, and at the University of Virginia. He published a newspaper in Leavenworth, Kansas, during the troubles in that territory, and later went to Washington, where he was employed in the postoffice department At the beginning of the civil war he was news editor of the "Baltimore Sun," but removed to Richmond, and he became one of the editors of the "Richmond Examiner." After the war he aided in founding "The Richmond Times," and for a time was on its staff. In 1866 he revived the "Richmond Examiner," and controlled its editorial columns until 1867, when he disposed of his interest, and, with his brother, E. A. Pollard, established "Southern Opinion," continuing one of the editors and proprietors until his death. He was shot and killed (August 29, 1868) from an upper window on the opposite side of the street by James Grant, who felt himself aggrieved by an article that was published in Pollard's paper.

[Page 329]
      Terrill, William Rufus, born in Covington, Virginia, April 21, 1834; graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1853; assigned to the Third Artillery; was assistant professor of mathematics there, 1853-54; on duty in Kansas, 1854-55; assistant in United States coast survey, 1855-71. He was commissioned captain in the Fifth Artillery, August 14, 1861, and took part in the battle of Shiloh. He was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers, September 9, 1862, and was killed in the battle of Perryville, Kentucky, October 8, 1862.

[Page 329]
      Whitehurst, Francis M., born in Princess Anne county, Virginia, December 1, 1835, son of William Whitehurst and Amy Lovett, his wife. He began his education in the Norfolk schools, and graduated from the University of Virginia. In 1861 he enlisted in a Norfolk company which became a part of the Sixth Virginia Regiment, Mahone's brigade. After serving two years in the ranks, he was elected first lieutenant, and commanded the company in the battle of Crater, where he lost seventy-five killed and wounded out of a total of ninety-four, and was himself captured and held prisoner till the end of the war. He participated in all the principal battles of Gen. Lee's army until his capture. After the war he practiced law in his native county, and served as commonwealth's attorney and county judge. In 1884 he located in Norfolk where he practiced his profession, and became interested in various important financial and business corporations. He married Laura E., daughter of Henry V. Styron, of Princess Anne county.

[Page 329]
      Lindsey, William, born in Rockbridge county, Virginia, September 4, 1835. In 1854 he removed to Hickman county, Kentucky, where he taught school, studied law, and was admitted to practice in 1858. At the opening of the civil war he entered the Confederate army as lieutenant, and was soon made captain in the Twenty-second Tennessee Infantry. He served on the staffs of Gen. Buford and Gen. Lyon, and remained with the First Kentucky Brigade until paroled as a prisoner of war early in 1865, at Columbus, Mississippi. After the war he returned to Clinton, Kentucky, and resumed the practice of his profession. He was elected state senator in 1867; in 1870 was given a place on the state supreme court, and in September, 1876, became chief justice. He declined a renomination.

[Pages 329-330]
      Hancock, William T., born at Chesterfield, Virginia, in 1835, son of Ananias Hancock and Bessie Stanton, his wife. After attending school, at the age of seventeen he went to Richmond and took employment, and became manager for J. W. Atkinson, and was afterwards with William Grainer, whom he left to enter the Confederate army. He served throughout the war in the Tenth Virginia Battalion, and took part in the battles of Seven Pines and Fort Gilmore, and many others. After the war he was for seven years manager for J. B. Pace. In 1873 he became a member of the firm of Salmon & Hancock, tobacco manufacturers, Richmond, and ten years later purchased his partner's interest, becoming sole owner. He became a director of the Security Savings Bank, and was connected with a number of other corporations. He married (first) Pauline Carrington, of North Carolina, and (second) Mary J. Sutherland, of Richmond.

[Page 330]
      Lynch, James Daniel, born in Mecklenburg county, Virginia, January 6, 1836. He was educated for the law, but abandoned it for literary pursuits and won fame as a poet. He attended the University of North Carolina, and after graduation taught school in Columbus and West Point, Mississippi, until 1862. In that year he recruited a company of cavalry, was made captain, saw service under Gen. Polk, and was wounded at Lafayette, Georgia. After the war he began the practice of law at West Point, Mississippi, but abandoned it to follow literature. He published many poems, the best known being: "The Cloak of Destiny," "The Star of Texas," and "The Siege of the Alamo." In 1878 he published "Kemper County Vindicated," "Bench and Bar of Mississippi" in 1881, "Bench and Bar of Texas" in 1885, and later "An Industrial History of Texas."

[Page 330]
      Groner, Virginius D., born in Norfolk, Virginia, September 7, 1836. He graduated at the Norfolk Military Academy at the age of eighteen and about this time organized the "Independent Grays." The next year he was made lieutenant-colonel of a militia regiment. He studied law for a year, and for two years after was in the service of express and steamship companies. In 1859 he was in Texas, a guest of Gen. Sam Houston and with Baylor's Texan Rangers he served against the Indians. After the election of Lincoln, he went to New York, at the request of Governor Pettus, of Mississippi, to purchase and ship arms to that state, a task which he accomplished successfully. Returning to Virginia, he planned the surprise of Fortress Monroe, but was forbidden by Governor Letcher. He declined appointment as adjutant-general of Mississippi, and accepted a commission as captain and assistant adjutant-general in the Confederate army, and performed duty at Montgomery, Alabama, and Richmond, Virginia, in the latter city having charge of the organization bureau of the army. Seeking more active service, he was now assigned to the Fifty-ninth North Carolina Cavalry, and later was given command of the Sixty-first Virginia. Later, with infantry, artillery and cavalry, he was ordered to Fredericksburg, which he held until Lee arrived, two days later. He was subsequently attached to Mahone's brigade. He was invalided for two months by wounds received at Spotsylvania. While yet on crutches, he rejoined his regiment at Petersburg, and performed his full duty, but needed assistance in mounting his horse. In a number of engagements he commanded the brigade. After the war he engaged in steamship transportation business, being president and general manager of various companies, and contributed largely to the commercial development of Norfolk. In reconstruction times, he was a zealous Conservative, and was largely instrumental in the election of Governor Walker, and was tendered high positions, which he declined. He was head of the Norfolk city government for many years, and placed the city upon a substantial financial basis. He married, in New Orleans, Louisiana, Katherine, daughter of the Hon. John A. Campbell, jurist and diplomat.

[Pages 330-331]
      Randolph, Alfred Magill, born at Winchester, Virginia, in 1836, son of Robert Lee Randolph. He graduated at William and Mary College in 1855, and from the Virginia Theological Seminary in 1858. He entered the Protestant Episcopal ministry in 1860, chaplain in the Confederate army, 1862-65; rector at Alexandria, 1865-67, and at Emmanuel Church, Baltimore, Maryland, 1867-73. He was made co-adjutor bishop of Virginia in 1883, and bishop of southern Virginia in 1892. He was Paddock lecturer at the General Theological Seminary in New York in 1902. He received degrees: Doctor of Divinity from William and Mary College, 1876; Doctor of Laws from Washington, 1887; Doctor of Civil Law from University of the South, 1902. He wrote "Reason, Faith and Authority in Christianity." He married Sallie Griffith Hoxton.

[Page 331]
      Glennan, Micheal, born at Maynooth, county Kildare, Ireland. He came to Virginia in childhood with his father, and attended school in Norfolk, Virginia, and Brooklyn, New York. He was mailing clerk in the office of the "Southern Argus," at Norfolk, Virginia, from 1857 until the outbreak of the civil war. For a time he served as orderly to Gen. W. P. Taliaferro, at Norfolk. He volunteered for army service, but was rejected on account of lameness and youth, but entered the quartermaster's department at Wilmington, North Carolina, and with the Thirty-sixth North Carolina Regiment, which was stationed at Cape Fear and Fort Fisher. After the surrender of the last-named post, in January, 1865, he was imprisoned at Governor's Island, New York harbor, was paroled in March following, and was under Gen. Joseph E. Johnston at the surrender at Greensboro, North Carolina, in April. After the war, he taught school in Portsmouth, Virginia, until January, 1867, when he became business manager of the Norfolk "Virginian," and afterwards its owner and editor. He was for several years a member of the Democratic state central committee and chairman of the district committee, and was a delegate-at-large in the Democratic national convention of 1880. In 1875 he led the movement which resulted in the erection at Yorktown of the monument commemorating the surrender of Lord Cornwallis, and in recognition of this service, Governor Holliday made him the commissioner to represent Virginia at the centennial observances. He married Mary Elizabeth Kevill.

[Pages 331-332]
      Payne, Alexander Dixon, born at "Clifton," Fauquier county, Virginia, September 30, 1837, son of Richards Payne, of "Granville," Fauquier county, lawyer, jurist and legislator, and Alice Fitzhugh Dixon, his wife, daughter of Turner Dixon. He graduated at William and Mary College with the Master of Arts degree in 1856, studied law in Winchester and at the University of Virginia, and began practice in Winchester. Early in April, 1861, he entered the army as lieutenant in the "Black Horse" cavalry, a part of the Fourth Virginia Cavalry Regiment, was promoted to captain in 1863, and as senior officer was in command of the regiment at the surrender in April, 1865. He was engaged in all of the many engagements of his division, under command of Gen. Fitzhugh Lee. After the war, he returned to law practice in Warrenton; was a member of the legislature, 1885-87 a delegate to the Democratic national convention that nominated Gen. Hancock for the presidency; and was three times mayor of his town. He married Ann Morson Scott, daughter of Hon. Robert E. Scott, of Fauquier county.

[Page 332]
      McFarland, Amanda R., born in Brooke county, Virginia, about 1837; was educated at Steubenville Female Seminary, and in 1857 married Rev. David F. McFarland, a Presbyterian clergyman. From 1862 till 1866 he husband held charge of Mattoon Female Seminary, Illinois; and in 1867 removed to Sante Fé, to engage in mission work, and here Mrs. McFarland organized and conducted a successful mission school among Mexican children. In 1873 they removed to California and established an academy at San Diego, and in 1875 they conducted missions among the Nez Perces Indians. After Mr. McFarland's death in 1876, his wife removed to Portland, Oregon, and in 1877 took charge of a school at Fort Wrangell, Alaska. Here she acted as minister, physician and lawyer for Indians who brought their difficulties for her solution. She presided over a native constitutional convention, and chiefs came long distances to enter the school of "the woman who loved their people," and to plead for teachers to be sent to their tribes. Her efforts resulted in the establishment of a training school for Alaskan girls, which is called "The McFarland Home."

[Page 332]
      Smith, John Holmes, born in Lynchburg, Virginia, August 12, 1838, son of William T. Smith and Susan Leftwich, his wife. He became a member of the Lynchburg Home Guards in April, 1861, and which became Company G, of the Eleventh Virginia Regiment. He advanced through the various grades from third corporal to captain, to which rank he was commissioned in May, 1862. For the greater part of his last eighteen months service he commanded the regiment. At Seven Pines he received a wound in the left arm, from which he never entirely recovered, and was again wounded in the right leg on the last day of Gettysburg. With his regiment, he was captured at Sailor's Creek, April 5, 1865, and was held prisoner for three weeks in the Old Capitol prison at Washington City, and for six weeks on Johnson's Island, in Lake Erie, being finally paroled. After the war, he reorganized his old company, and it was made a part of the Virginia National Guard. He engaged in business as a tobacco manufacturer in Lynchburg. He married Norvell, daughter of Dr. Joseph V. Hobson and Mary E. Bullock, his wife.

[Pages 332-333]
      Wright, Rebecca McPherson, born near Winchester, Virginia, January 31, 1838. She was a Quakeress, daughter of Amos Wright, who died in a Confederate prison in the civil war. Her family was one of the few Unionists in Winchester, Virginia, during that period. She acted as a Federal spy and on September 16, 1864, received a note from Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, conveyed to her in tin-foil, and carried in the mouth of a negro messenger. It said: "Can you inform me of the position of Early's forces, the number of divisions in his army, and the strength of all or any of them, and his probable or reported intentions? Have any more troops arrived from Richmond, or are any more coming, or reported to be coming?" She had been told of the whereabouts of the Confederate army by a wounded Confederate officer two evenings before, and she sent a reply to Gen. Sheridan, informing him of the number of troops and their positions, and upon this he ordered the attack on Winchester. After the battle Gen. Sheridan thanked her in person and afterwards always spoke of her in person and afterwards always spoke of her as his "little Quaker girl." In 1867 he sent her a gold watch. She married William Bonsal, and was appointed to a clerkship in the United States treasury department at Washington in 1868.

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      Dyer, David Patterson, born in Henry county, Virginia, February 12, 1838, removed to Missouri with his parents in 1841. He received his education in the public schools and St. Charles (Missouri) College; studied law at Bowling Green, Missouri, and was admitted to the bar in 1859. In 1861 he was elected district attorney, and was a member of the legislature, 1862-65, and took sides with the North. He recruited and commanded the Forty-ninth Regiment Missouri Volunteer Infantry during the civil war, participating in the campaigns against Mobile in 1865. In 1866 he was secretary of the state senate. In 1868 he was a delegate to the Republican national convention, and the same year was elected to congress, serving on the committees on territories and agriculture, and was United States attorney for the eastern district of Missouri in 1875-76. He subsequently was United States judge, district of Missouri.

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      Wharton, Morton Bryan, born in Orange county, Virginia, in 1839, son of Malcolm H. Wharton and Susan Roberts Calvin, his wife. He was educated at Orange Academy, Culpeper Academy, Richmond College, and the Virginia Military Institute, but did not graduate, all educational institutions suspending on account of war. He entered the Baptist ministry, and his first pastorate was with the church at Bristol, Tennessee. He afterwards served various churches in the south. In 1876 he was made corresponding secretary of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. In 1881 he became United States consul to Sonneberg, Germany. Three years later he became editor of the "Christian Index," at Atlanta, Georgia. He received the degree of D. D. from Washington and Lee University. He wrote: "European Notes," "Famous Women of the Old Testament," "Famous Women of the New Testament," "Pictures from a Pastorium," "Famous Men of the Old Testament," and "Sacred Songs to Popular Airs." He married Mary Belle Irwin. He died in 1908.

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      Parrish, James, born in Portsmouth, Virginia, September 30, 1839, son of James Reed Parrish, lawyer and jurist, and Sarah Ferguson, his wife, daughter of Robert Ferguson, a native of Ireland and resident of Norfolk county, Virginia. He was educated at the local schools, and received his professional training in the medical department of the University of Virginia, and of the City of New York, graduating from the former in 1858, and from the latter in 1859. When the civil war broke out, he was engaged in interne duty in the Bellevue and Brooklyn (New York) hospitals, and he at once returned home. On June 1, 1861, he enlisted as a private in Company K, Ninth Virginia Infantry, and in November following was made surgeon to the Forty-first Virginia Regiment, with which he served until after the battle of Sharpsburg, when he was transferred to the Thirteenth Virginia Cavalry, with which he remained until the surrender. After the war he engaged in practice in Portsmouth, and at different times served on the health and quarantine boards, and on the state board of medical examiners. He held membership in the State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. He married Alice Virginia, daughter of James E. Toomer, of Portsmouth.