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[Page 285]
      Marshall, James W., born in Clarke county, Virginia, August 14, 1822. His early boyhood was passed at Mount Sterling, Kentucky, and on arriving at school age he returned to his native section to prepare himself for college. He entered Dickinson College, from which he was graduated in 1848. He was retained at the college as instructor in the position of adjunct-professor until 1850, when he was promoted to a full professorship of ancient languages, and continued to fill that chair until 1861, when President Lincoln appointed him United States consul at Leeds, England, where he remained four years. In 1869 President Grant appointed Mr. Marshall first assistant postmaster-general, in which position he served up to the close of the administration, except for the brief term in 1874, when he temporarily filled the office of postmaster-general. In 1877 he was appointed general superintendent of the railway mail service, which position he held for one year.

[Pages 285-286]
      Chiselin, George R., born at Staunton, Virginia, in 1824. During the civil war he acted as quasi-ambassador to England for the southern Confederacy. When Mason and Slidell were overtaken and detained, Mr. Chiselin, who had followed them by another route as an emergency diplomat, took the place which they were designed to fill and during the war labored zealously to enlist the aid of the English government for the Confederacy. He remained in England for three years following the close of the civil war, and for a number of years prior to 1877 lived in Chili, where he had acquired wealth in mines and railroads, but his later years were passed in New York, in which city he died September 14, 1890.

[Page 286]
      Jackson, William Lowther, born in Clarksburg, Virginia, February 3, 1825; was admitted to the bar in 1847. He served two terms as commonwealth's attorney, two terms in the Virginia house of delegates, two terms as second auditor and superintendent of the state literary fund, one term as lieutenant-governor, and in 1860 was elected judge of the nineteenth judicial circuit. In 1861 he was commissioned colonel of the Thirty-first Regiment Virginia Infantry, and in 1862 became a member of the staff of his cousin, Gen. "Stonewall" Jackson. He served through the campaigns and battles around Richmond, Cedar Run, Harper's Ferry, and /antietam, then, ranking as brigadier-general, he recruited a brigade of cavalry in northwestern Virginia which he led in Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. In May, 1865, he disbanded his troops at Lexington, being among the last to be paroled. After the war he spent some time in Mexico, then came north, intending to settle in West Virginia and resume the practice of his profession, but a statute of that state debarred him from practice and he located in Louisville, Kentucky, where he practiced until 1872, when he was elected judge of the circuit court.

[Pages 286-287]
      Buford, Algernon Sidney, born in Rowan county, North Carolina, January 2, 1826, during the temporary residence of his parents in that state, son of William Buford, of Lunenburg county, Virginia, and Susan Robertson Shelton, of Pittsylvania county, Virginia. On his father's side he was descended from colonial English settlers, his great-grandfather, Henry Buford, having settled in culpeper county, Virginia. These ancestors were devoted patriots to the American cause in the revolution. His early education was obtained at the private school taught by his father in Pittsylvania county, Virginia. In October, 1846, he entered the University of Virginia, and in June, 1848, graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Law. Prior to entering the university, he had taught a private school for two years. Upon leaving the university he began the practice of law in Pittsylvania and adjacent counties, and so continued until the outbreak of the civil war. Upon his circuit he took and maintained honorable and progressive rank among the distinguished lawyers, James M. Whittle, William M. Tredway, Judge George H. Gilmer, Judge N. M. Taliaferro, Jubal Early, and many others whose names are well known in the history of the Virginia bar. For a short time before the war, having become a resident of Danville, Virginia, he owned and edited the "Danville Register." In 1853 he was elected to the state legislature from Pittsylvania, but declined re-election. In 1861 he was elected to the house of delegates, while he was serving as a non-commissioned officer in the Confederate army, which position he held until the close of the war. During his membership in the house, he was commissioned, by Gov. Letcher, lieutenant-colonel by brevet, and given special service in aid of the Virginia soldiers in the field. In October, 1865, he was elected president of the Richmond & Danville Railroad Company. This position he held for upwards of twenty years, and during his administration he saw this railroad enlarged,,under his active direction, from about two hundred miles to about two thousand miles. he removed early in 1866 to Richmond, and in 1887 he was elected to the hosue of delegates from that city. He always took an earnest and active interest in agriculture, and in the commercial and material development of the state, and was for years president of the Virginia Board of /agriculture. His first wife was Emily W. Townes, of Pittsylvania county. His second wife was Kate A. Wortham, of Richmond, Virginia. His last wife was Mrs. Mary Cameron Strother, nee Ross.

[Page 287]
      Lupton, Nathaniel Thomas, born in Frederick county, Virginia, December 19, 1830; graduated at Dickinson College in 1849; spent two years in Heidelberg, specializing in chemistry under Bunsen, then returned to the United States. In 1857 he was elected professor of chemistry and geology at Randolph-Macon College, and in 1858 resigned to accept a like chair at the southern University, Greensborough, Alabama. In 1871 he resigned to accept the presidency of the University of Alabama, with the chair of chemistry. Three years later he was chosen professor of chemistry in Vanderbilt University, also dean of the faculty, a great deal of attention in seeking to improve economic and sanitary conditions in Nashville and the state. In 1865 he was appointed state chemist of Alabama, and professor of chemistry in the Agricultural College at Auburn. He received the degree of Doctor of Medicine from Vanderbilt University and Doctor of Laws from the University of Alabama in 1875. He held important positions in a number of scientific societies; was vice-president of the American Chemical Society in 1880, chairman of the chemistry section of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1877, and vice-president of the New York in 1880. In 1880 he published "The Elementary Principles of Scientific Agriculture," a work of enduring value.

[Pages 287-288]
      Lucas, Daniel B., born at Charlestown, Virginia (now West Virginia), March 16, 1836, son of William Lucas, congressman from Virginia. In infancy he sustained a fall, causing a permanent spinal difficulty. He went from an academy to the University of Virginia, where he remained four years, and after graduation studied law under Judge John W. Brook, and entered upon practice in 1859, at his native place. the next year he located in Richmond, and was there when the civil war broke out. He was given a position on the staff of Gen. Henry A. Wise, in June, 1861, with whom he served throughout the valley campaign until October. On June 1, 1864 he ran the blockade to Canada, in order to assist in the defence of Captain John Yates Beall (q. v.), a college friend, in his trial as a spy. Captain Beall's trial was conducted by the famous New York lawyer John P. Brady, the Federal department commander, General John A. Dix, refusing to allow Mr. Lucas to appear in the case. Mr. Lucas remained in Canada for some months, and while there wrote his famous poem, "The Land Where We Were Dreaming," which first appeared in the "Montreal Gazette," and was afterwards reproduced in many newspapers in England and the United States. After the war he returned to Charlestown (now in West Virginia), but the "test oath" provisions would not admit of his practicing his profession until 1870, when he formed a law partnership with Judge Thomas B. Green, afterwards president of the supreme court of appeals of west Virginia. In 1884-86 he was a member of the legislature, and in that body he was the important factor in defeating the election of a Standard Oil Company official as a United States senator, and his speech on that occasion was widely disseminated. On March 5, 1887, he was appointed United States senator by Governor Wilson. On December 5, 1889, on the death of Judge Green, of the supreme court of appeals, he was appointed to fill the position, to which he was elected at the end of the term. After leaving the bench he lived a retired life. In 1875 he delivered the ode at the semi-centennial anniversary of the University of Virginia. He published "Memoir of John Yates Beall," "The Wreath of Eglantine, and Other Poems," "The Maid of Northumberland," "Ballads and Madrigals," "Nicaragua and the Filibusters." In recognition of his ample learning, and brilliant qualities as an orator and writer, the University of Virginia conferred upon im the degree of Doctor of Laws. He married Evelina Tucker Brooke, daughter of Henry Laurens Brooke, and Virginia tucker, his wife, daughter of Henry St. George Tucker, judge of the Virginia supreme court of appeals, and Evelina Hunter, his wife.

[Pages 288-289]
      McKim, Randolph Harrison, son of John S. McKim and Katharine Harrison, his wife; is descended on the father's side from a Scotch-Irish family emigrating to America in the eighteenth century; and on the mother's from Benjamin Harrison, of James river, Virginia (1635), ancestor of the two presidents of that name, and from William Randolph, of Turkey Island. He left the University in July, 1861, to enlist in Company H, First Regiment, Maryland Infantry, Captain William H. Murray, attached to Elzey's brigade, under Gen. Joseph E. Johnston. He participated in the first battle of Manassas, and subsequently in Stonewall Jackson's famous valley campaign of 1862, in the various engagements from Harper's Ferry to Cross Keys, at which battle (having been appointed aide-de-camp to Brigadier-General George H. Steward) he had a horse shot under him. In the campaign of 1863, Lieutenant McKim was several times mentioned for gallantry in official despatches, especially for conduct at Stephenson's Depot in volunteering to serve a piece of artillery whose cannoneers had all been killed or wounded, and at Gettysburg for volunteering to bring a supply of ammunition, under fire, to the men of the Third Brigade lying in the Federal breastworks on Culp's Hill. In this battle he was touched four times by the bullets of the enemy, but escaped serious injury. In the following autumn he resigned, with the consent of his superior officers, in order to fit himself for the post of chaplain. He spent the winter in study in Staunton, Virginia, and was ordained in May, 1864. He then served as chaplain in the field until the surrender of Appomattox, first in Chew's Battalion of Horse Artillery, and then in the Second Regiment Virginia Cavalry (Fitzhugh Lee's regiment), taking part in the battles and skirmishes of Early's campaign of 1864, and sharing the hardships of a winter campaign in the mountains of West Virginia in 1864-65. The war over, after a brief service as assistant minister of Emmanuel Church, Baltimore, he became rector of St. John's Church, Portsmouth, Virginia. In 1867 he removed to Alexandria, Virginia, and served as rector of old Christ Church for eight years, when he accepted the charge of Holy Trinity Church, Harlem, New York City, where he remained eleven years, and resigned to accept the rectorate of Trinity Church, New Orleans. From there he removed to Washington, D. C., and became rector of the Church of the Epiphany in December, 1888. In 1871 the University of Washington and Lee conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity. While in New York, Dr. McKim was instrumental in forming the Church Temperance Society and the Parochial Mission Society. He represented the diocese of Maryland, and subsequently the diocese of Washington, in the general conventions since 1892, and was continuously a member of the standing committee, and was president of that body. He was largely instrumental in the creation of the diocese of Washington in 1895. He was a member of the Society of the Army and Navy of the Confederate States, and chaplain of the Confederate Veterans of Washington, and also chaplain of the Sons of the Revolution. Among the books published by him are the following: "The Doctrine of the Christian Ministry," "Protestant Principles," "Sermons on /future Punishment," "Christ and Modern Unbelief," "Leo XIII at the Bar of History," "Present Day Problems of Christian Thoughts," "Bread in the Desert," and "The Gospel in the Christian Year," besides various pamphlets, among which may be mentioned two addresses given at the University of Virginia.

[Pages 289-290]
      Barnett, Edward Hammet, born in Montgomery county, Virginia, October 8, 1840. His father, James Barnett, owned the Big Spring farm on the Roanoke river, and died when Edward was a child, leaving his mother and three little children in charge of her father, William Wade, a Presbyterian elder in Christiansburg, Virginia. He was educated in the village academy until sixteen years old, worked three years on what is now the Norfolk and Western Railroad, and entering in 1859, Hampden-Sidney College, Prince Edward county, Virginia; was graduated in 1861 with first honor. He entered the war as third sergeant of a student's company, and was captured in July, 1861, at the battle of Rich Mountain, northern Virginia, paroled and exchanged in 1862. He then entered the Fifty-fourth Virginia Infantry Regiment, in which he was promoted to be captain and quartermaster, and was afterward transferred to the Twenty-first Virginia Cavalry, with which he gallantly served until he surrendered with Lee at Appomattox. In September, 1865, he entered Union Theological Seminary in Prince Edward county, Virginia, graduating in 1867, was licensed by the Montgomery presbytery, in Virginia, April 19, 1867, and went at once to Lynchburg, Virginia, as assistant to Rev. Dr. Ramsey in the first Presbyterian church in that city. In 1869 he became pastor of the Abingdon (Virginia) church, and was ordained by the Abingdon presbytery, January 14, 1870, preaching there until 1883. In July, 1873, he declined a call to the first Presbyterian church of Atlanta, Georgia; accepted a call from the same church, in December, 1882, but his presbytery refused to release him from his Virginia charge, and finally upon the renewal of the call, and the consent of his presbytery, he came to Atlanta in May, 1883. He has been for five years an editor of the "Presbyterian Quarterly," of Richmond, and is the author of scholarly contributions to the religious volume called "Life's Golden Lamp." In 1889 his congregation gave him a five months' vacation and the expenses of a trip to Palestine and Egypt, of which he spent a month in the Holy Land, and on these travels, after his return, he delivered more than twenty instructive and eloquent lectures. He received, in 1882, the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Alfred University, New York. He married, March 8, 1870, Caroline L. Trent, of Buckingham county, Virginia.

[Pages 290-291]
      Bolton, Channing Moore, born in Richmond, Virginia, January 24, 1843, eldest son of Dr. James Bolton, deceased. He was educated at Richmond and the University of Virginia. From 1861 to 1862 he was in the service of the state of Virginia on the military defences around Richmond; engaged in railroading February, 1862, and was successively rodman, transitman, and resident engineer of the Piedmont railroad, Virginia and North Carolina, up to 1863; from 1863 to 1865 he was a commissioned officer in engineer corps, Confederate States Army, and assigned to duty with the Army of Northern Virginia; in 1865 to 1866 was in charge of the location and construction of the Clover Hill railroad, Virginia; 1866 to 1867 resident engineer of the connecting railroad through Richmond, Virginia, and constructed the tunnel under Gamble's Hill; 1867 to 1869, resident engineer of the Louisville, Cincinnati and Lexington railroad, Kentucky, and from 1869 to 1874, division engineer of the Chesapeake and Ohio railroad. During this time Major Bolton located the western division of the great trunk line down the New river through the mountains of West Virginia. He located the eastern terminus of Chesapeake and Ohio railroad, from Richmond to Newport News, and constructed "Church Hill" tunnel at Richmond, Virginia, one of the most difficult pieces of engineering work of the country. From 1874 to 1876 he surveyed and located several small railroads in Virginia and North Carolina and from 1876 to 1879 was engineer in charge for the United States government of location and construction of a canal and locks around the cascades of the Columbian river in Oregon; also, during the same time, made surveys and reports of the improvement of the entrance to Coes Bay, and the Coquille river in the same state. In 1880 to 1881 he was division engineer of the Richmond and Alleghany railroad, Virginia, a road two hundred and fifty miles long commenced and completed in about fourteen months. From 1881 to 1882 he was engineer and superintendent of the Greenville, Columbus and Birmingham railroad, with headquarters at Greensville, Mississippi. Since 1882 to date he has been the chief engineer of the Richmond and Danville railroad, the great trunk line to the south and southwest, extending from Washington, D. C., through the states of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi. From 1879 to 1888 he was also president and general manager of the Richmond City (Street) Railroad Company. On February 17, 1784, he married Miss Lizzie Parker, daughter of Mr. Parker Campbell, of Richmond, Virginia. She died October 6, 1889.

[Page 291]
      Price, Samuel, born in Fauquier county, Virginia, August 18, 1805. He removed to Preston county, Virginia, at twelve years of age, received a common school education, and engaged in law practice in Nicholas county. He served two terms in the legislature, and moved to Wheeling, and subsequently to Lewisburg, and represented Greenbrier county in the legislature for many years. He was a leader of internal improvements, and an originator of the proposition to establish a railroad from Tidewater, Virginia, to the Ohio river. He was a member of the state constitutional convention in 1851, and of the secession convention in 1861. He earnestly opposed secession in the latter body, but when Lincoln left no alternative he supported the measures that followed. He was elected lieutenant-governor of Virginia in 1863, and served as president of the state senate till the close of war. He was appointed a circuit judge in 1865, but declined to take the test oath, and did not serve. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States senate in 1876; was president of the West Virginia constitutional convention in 1872; and in 1876 was appointed by the governor to fill out the unexpired term of Allen T. Caperton, deceased, in the United States senate, serving four months. He died at Lewisburg, West Virginia, February 25, 1884.

[Page 291]
      Hubbard, David, born in Virginia, in 1806, removed to Alabama, practiced law, and became solicitor of his judicial district. He was a member of the state senate in 1830, and served in the legislature in 1831-53. He was elected to congress as a states rights Democrat in 1838, serving until 1841; was a presidential elector on the Polk and Dallas ticket in 1845; was reëlected to congress in 1849, serving till 1851.He was presidential elector on the Breckenridge ticket in 1860; a member of the first Confederate congress, and in 1861 was appointed commission of Indian affairs for the Confederate government. After the close of the civil war he removed to Nashville, Tennessee. He died in Louisiana in 1874.

[Pages 291-292]
      Underwood, John Curtiss, born in Litchfield, Herkimer county, New York, in 1808. He graduated at Hamilton College in 1832, and located in Clarke county, Virginia. In 1856 he was a delegate to the convention that nominated John C. Fremont for President. His anti-slavery sentiments led him to leave Virginia and settle in New York, where he became secretary of a company dealing in southern lands. In 1861 he was appointed United States consul at Callao, Peru, but took instead the office of fifth auditor in the United States Treasury Department. Early in the civil war he affirmed the right of the United States government to confiscate the property of Confederates. During reconstruction he was appointed judge of a district court in Virginia, and it was in his court that bail was refused the President of the Confederacy, Jefferson Davis, in June, 1866, after he had been indicted for treason. He presided over the court in May, 1867, when the Confederate leader was released. He was bitterly denounced in the South on account of his violent and unbecoming partisanship, and was forced to defend suits brought against him on account of his decrees sanctioning confiscation. He died in Washington, D. C., December 7, 1873.

[Page 292]
      Price, Thomas Lawson, born near Danville, Virginia, January 19, 1809. In 1831 he settled in Jefferson City, Missouri, at first engaged in mercantile pursuits, and afterward bought and sold real estate. In 1838 he obtained the contract for carrying the mail between St. Louis and Jefferson City, and established the first stage line between those places. Later he gained control of all the stage routes in the state, and became lessee of the state penitentiary. He was the first mayor of Jefferson City in 1838, and was reëlected. In 1847 he was appointed brevet major-general of Missouri militia, and in 1849 he was elected lieutenant-governor as a Democrat. In 1856 General Price headed a Benton delegation to the Democratic national convention that nominated James Buchanan, but was not admitted. In 1860 he served in the state legislature, and on September 21, 1861, was appointed by General John C. Fremont brigadier-general of volunteers. The appointment expired by limitation, July 17, 1862. He was elected to congress in place of John W. Reid, expelled, and served from January 21, 1862, till March 3, 1863. In 1864 he was nominated by the Unionists for governor. His health now began to fail, and his only subsequent appearance in public life was as delegate to the Democratic national convention in 1868, where he acted as vice-president when Horatio Seymour was nominated. He was connected with railroad affairs both as contractor and officer, and, as a member of the legislature, he was largely instrumental in inducing the state to lend its aid to the construction of Iron Mountain and Hannibal & St. Joseph railroads; and was also identified with the construction with the Missouri Pacific and the Kansas Pacific roads. Besides building the greater part of the Kansas Pacific, he was also a fund commissioner and director of that road, and united with other capitalists in extending the line from Denver to Cheyenne. He died in Jefferson City, Missouri, July 16, 1870.

[Page 292]
      Harris, John Woods, born in Nelson county, Virginia, in 1810. He became a lawyer, was admitted to the bar, and began practice in Texas, in 1838. During the earlier years his practice was general, but after the civil war he confined himself chiefly to important cases in the higher courts. He was a member of the first congress of Texas, at Austin, in 1838. In 1841 he proposed abolishing the Mexican laws, and engrafting the common law on the jurisprudence of the republic. He was made attorney-general of Texas in 1846, was reappointed, and in 1854 was one of a commission to revise the laws of the state. He was a staunch Democrat, and though opposed to secession he finally accepted it when Lincoln left no alternative, and gave a loyal support to the Confederacy. He died at Galveston, Texas, April 1, 1887.

[Pages 292-293]
      Smith, Benjamin Mosby, born in Powhatan county, Virginia, June 30, 1811; graduated at Hampden-Sidney College in 1829, and at the Virginia Union Theological Seminary in 1832. He was then tutor in Hebrew and introductory studies until 1836, and was successively pastor of Presbyterian churches in Danville and Augusta county, Virginia, from 1840 till his appointment in 1854 to the chair of Oriental and biblical literature in Union Seminary. From 1858 to 1874 he was pastor of Hampden-Sidney College Church, and he was moderator of the general assembly of the Presbyterian church in 1876. Hampden-Sidney College gave him the degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1845.

[Page 293]
      Phillips, Dinwiddie Brazier, son of Col. William Foulke Phillips and Edith Harrison Ashmore Cannon, his wife, was born in Fauquier county, Virginia. He entered the United States navy as assistant surgeon in 1847; was surgeon of the Virginia or Merrimac during her entire existence; medical director of the Wise Legion and commanded the post at White Sulphur Springs as major of that legion. After the war he resided at Madison Run Station Orange county, Virginia. He wrote a paper entitled "The Career of the Iron-Clad Virginia (formerly the Merrimac), Confederate States Navy," which was published in "Virginia Historical Collections," vol. vi., new series, miscellaneous papers. He married Nannie F., daughter of William Walden, of Rappahannock county, Virginia. He was descended from John Dinwiddie, brother of Robert Dinwiddie, governor (1751-1758) (q. v.).

[Page 293]
      Moore, Edwin Ward, born in Alexandria, Virginia, in 1811; entered the United States navy as a midshipman in 1825, and became lieutenant in 1835. His first cruise was in the sloop-of-war Hornet, and he was in service until the Texan war of independence of 1836, when the new government of Texas called him to command of its navy, with the rank of commodore. Resigning his commission in the United States service, partly from the credit of the republic and partly from his own resources, he purchased two small ships, which he equipped for war. With these he sailed from New Orleans early in 1843, the Mexicans awaiting him in the Gulf with a fleet of eight or ten vessels, including two steamers, the Guadalupe and Montezuma, which had been built in England at an expense of $1,000,000. Fearing the destruction of his two ships, President Houston repeatedly ordered Commodore Moore to take shelter in Galveston bay; but, disregarding these orders, or failing to receive them, Moore put out in search of the enemy. A series of hot engagements ensued, in which the enemy were routed with heavy losses. Commodore Moore, however, was dismissed from the service by President Houston for disobedience of orders, but the Texan congress indemnified him for his pecuniary losses, granting him a large tract of land. After the annexation of Texas, Moore and his associate Texan naval officers applied to congress to be reinstated in the United States navy, with the rank they had held in that of Texas. A compromise was finally passed in the shape of an appropriation of leave-pay from the time of annexation to the passage of the bill. Of this appropriation in 1855, the share accruing to Commodore Moore was about $17,000. He subsequently resided in New York City, engaged in mechanical experiments and inventions, and died there, October 5, 1865.

[Page 294]
      Mines, Flavel Scott, born in Leesburg, Virginia, 31, 1811, son of John Mines, D. D., a Presbyterian clergyman of Virginia. He graduated at Princeton Theological Seminary in 1830, and became pastor of Laight Street Presbyterian Church, New York City, but resigned his charge in 1841, and in 1842 took orders in the Protestant Episcopal church. In 1849 he organized at San Francisco, California, the first Protestant Episcopal congregation on the Pacific coast, and built Trinity Church, under the chancel of which he was buried. He was the author of a "Presbyterian Clergyman Looking for the Church." He died in 1852 at San Francisco, California.

[Page 294]
      Mutter, Thomas Dent, born in Richmond, Virginia, March 9, 1811; graduated at Hampden-Sidney College, and at the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1831, then went to Paris. On his return he settled in Philadelphia. In 1841-56 he was professor of surgery in Jefferson Medical College. He wrote an account of the salt sulphur springs of Virginia, an essay on "Club-Foot," contributed various professional papers to periodicals, and published an edition of Robert Liston's "Lectures on the Operations of Surgery," with additions (Philadelphia, 1846). He died at Charleston, South Carolina.

[Pages 294-295]
      Jenkins, Thornton Alexander, born in Orange county, Virginia, December 11, 1811. He entered the United States navy as a midshipman, November 1, 1828; in 1829 saw service on the Natchez in breaking up pirates in Cuba, and in 1831 assisted in suppressing Nat Turner's negro insurrection in Virginia. He was commissioned lieutenant, December 9, 1839, and until 1842 was engaged on the coast survey. In 1845 he was sent to Europe to examine lighthouse systems, and in 1846 presented a report on the lighthouse service in England, France, and other European countries. During the Mexican war he was executive officer of the sloop-of-war Germantown; commander of the store ship Relief, and of the supply and hospital station on Salmadena Island, and commanded landing parties in the capture of Tuxpan and Tabasco. From 1848 to 1851 he was in command of the steamers Jefferson and Corwin, in meteorological and hydrographic observations and taking deep sea temperatures. The Corwin was built from his own plans and under his supervision. In October, 1852, he was appointed naval secretary to the lighthouse board; September 14, 1855, he was promoted to commander, and placed in command of the Preble in ht Paraguay expedition, 1855-59. On his return he was ordered to the Caribbean in search of Walker, the filibusterer; then to Vera Cruz, where he aided in the capture of the Miramon and the Marquis of Havana, which he convoyed to New Orleans. Before the war between the states was begun he and Captain William F. Smith saved the forts at Key West and Dry Tortugas from falling into the hands of an expedition sent from New Orleans. In February, 1861, he was again appointed secretary of the lighthouse board, and during the year performed secret service at the request of President Lincoln, until stricken with illness in November. On July 16, 1862, he was promoted captain, and as senior officer repulsed the attack of the Confederates at Coggin's Point, James river, and the attack on city Point in August, 1862. Later that year he was engaged in blockading Mobile and its approaches, in command of the Oneida. He was fleet captain and chief of staff of Farragut's squadron on the Mississippi, commanding the Hartford at the passing of the Port Hudson and Grand Gulf batteries. At the capture of Port Hudson he was in chief command of the naval forces, Admiral Farragut having been called to New Orleans. In the blockade of Mobile in 1864, he commanded the Richmond, and the second division of Farragut's fleet, and was left in command in Mobile Bay until February, 1865, when he was ordered to the James river, remaining there until the surrender. After the war he was sent to the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to investigate seamen's bounty claims, and as resident of a board awarded a large sum to enlisted men and their families. From 1865 until 1869 he was chief of the board of navigation, then chief of the lighthouse board until 1871. He was promoted to rear-admiral July 13, 1870. Later he commanded the naval forces on the Asiatic station until his retirement, December 12, 1873. At the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia in 1876, he was in charge of the exhibit made by the United States Navy Department.