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Where Did Our Ancestors Come FromAnd Where Did They Go? |
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| Where did they come from? A high percentage of our ancestors were "Cavalier" families who settled in the Northern Neck of Virginia in the early days of America. They were loyal to Charles I and Charles II of England. Many came to the Northern Neck between 1630 and 1700. From a geographical perspective Lancaster, Northumberland, Westmoreland, Richmond, Old Rappahanock, King George, Stafford make up the Northern Neck of Virginia. From a family history perspective we must include: Fairfax, Loudoun, Prince William and Fauquier Counties.
Families of the Northern Neck whose origin in England (families may have moved together) BAILEY, Stephen Gloucestershire, England born 1625 BALL, William Bark Manor, Barkham, Berkshire, England born 1614-1615 BUCK, Richard Wymonham, Norfolk, England born 1582 FEWELL, Stephen Southwick, St Olave, London England born 7 Nov 1653 GLASCOCK, Thomas Essex, England born 1610 LEE, Richard Nordley Regis, Coton, Shropshire, England before 26 Nov 1636 MILLER, Symon Bristol, England born 1642 MOTT, George Scotland or England OWEN, Anna Constable London, London, England before 1636 PRICE, Meriday of Bristol, England born 1644 For many reasons, several families from the Charles Co., Maryland area migrated to Fauquier Co., Va. during and after the Revolutionary War. The Maddox family was one of those families. One possible explanation was the relative lack of combat opportunities during the Revolutionary War in Charles County and St. Marys' County Maryland at that time. Many of these families migrated to central Kentucky before 1815. Kitty Foster The following is a summary of where our Ancestors came from: 1 Germany 1 Ireland 23 US: 2 MD 21 VA Went to: 1 AL 1 GA 3 IL 5 IN 1 KS 25 KY 1 MD 6 MO 1 NC 21 OH 7 SC 2 TN 22 VA 39 WV Where did they Go? Large numbers of our families emigrated to the following places! Greenbrier County WV Harrison County WV Lewis County WV Mason County KY List of 41 people leaving Fauquier to go to Mason Co. KY Ross County OH Scioto County OH Perry/Fairfield Co., Ohio Geneological Info More Families - Where did they GO? William Blake B: 1792 Fauquier Co D: 1880 Harrison Co, WV married Elizabeth Reed B: 1798 Harrison Co, WV D: 1892 Harrison Co, WV Married 1 Feb 1817 Harrison Co, (W)VA and raised 10 children. William Blake was the son of John William Blake B: abt 1761 England D; at sea and Mary Lane B: abt 1798 Fauquier Co, WV and D: West Virginia. Alfred Wesley Brown B: 1819 Fauquier Co, WV D: Broxton Co, WV married 1837 Fauquier Co, WV Mary Elizabeth Merrell or Harrell B: 1819 Fauquier Co, VA D: 1881 Braxton Co, WV and raised two known children. Jacob Minter B: 12 May 1771 Fauquier Co, VA D: 24 Aug 1828/1829 Harrison Co, (W)VA married 20 Dec 1796 to: SP: Hannah Bailey B: 6 Nov 1777 Fauquier Co, VA D: 9 Jun 1845 Harrison Co, (W)VA -- moved about 1803/1804 to Harrison Co, (W)VA. Alexander West B: 11 Aug 1760 Accomack Co, VA D: 20 Jun 1834/1837 Jane Lew, Lewis Co, (W)VA married abt 1780/1784 in VA to SP: Malina Linney Hughes B: abt 1758/1764 Accomack Co, VA D: abt 1793/1795 Harrison (now Lewis) (W)VA -- moved bef 1778 to Harrison Co, (W)VA. Minter Bailey, Sr B: 19 Jun 1763 Fauquier Co, VA D: 12 Nov 1833 or 28 May 1864 Jane Lew, Lewis Co, (W)VA married 10 Dec 1783 Fauquier Co, VA SP Ann Nancy Norris B: 1767 England D: 17 Sep 1827 Lewis Co, (W)VA and his children: Eunice B: 30 Sep 1790; Joseph B: 17 Mar 1792; Hannah B: 4/7 Nov 1793; William B: 4 Oct 1796; Minter Bailey, JR B: 16 Mar 1799; Mary Nancy 'Mollie' B: 19 Mar 1801; and Eleanor Ellen B: 7 Sep 1803 (all born Fauquier Co, VA) -- moved about 1804 to Harrison Co, (W)VA. William Bailey, Sr, CAPT, (B: 28 Nov 1766 Fauquier Co, VA D: 28 May 1846 nr Jane Lew, Lewis Co, (W)VA married 20 Mar 1789 SP Elizabeth Betsy Minter B: 10 May 1771 Fauquier Co, VA D: 11 Aug 1838 nr Jane Lew, Lewis Co, (W)VA and his children: Mariah B 13 Jan 1790; Car Bailey Sr/Rev B: abt 1792; Jacob B: 8 Sep 1793; Emila Millet B 17 Oct 1795; Sarah Elizabeth B: 13 Jan 1799; Harriett B 17 Nov 1798; William Bailey, Jr B: 27 Jan 1802; Silas B: 27 Jan 1804 (all born Fauquier Co, VA) - moved abt 1804 to Harrison Co, (W)VA. John Bailey Rev B: abt 1768 Fauquier Co, VA D: 19 May 1848 Lewis Co, (W)VA married 9 Nov 1791 SP: Frances Frankey Jones B: abt 1767/1777 Fauquier Co, VA D: 15 Dec 1854 Lewis Co, (W)VA and his children: Mary Polly B 27 Nov 1791; Catharine 'Caty' B: 21 Jan 1796; Susan Ann B: 23 Feb 1802; Lucretia B: 29 Feb 1804; Minter Jones B: 20 May 1807; and Elizabeth B: abt 1811 (all born Fauquier Co, VA) - move about 1812/1815 to Lewis Co, (W)VA. Several of the above were members of the Broad Run Baptist Church, New Baltimore, Fauquier Co, VA and members of the Broad Run Baptist Church, Lightburn, Lewis Co, WV - in which they named the church after the one in New Baltimore, see the following URL: http://baptisthistoryhomepage.com/wv.broad.run.bapt.ch.html The following URL at find-a-grave has pictures of the Broad Run Baptist Church, Lewis Co, WV - plus several of the above are buried there. (not may have to copy and paste into your browser) https://www.findagrave.com/cemetery/1594625 Thomas Barton abt 1779/1780 Fauquier Co or Prince William Co, VA D: 1870 WV married 23 Feb 1808 Fauquier Co, VA SP: Sarah Drummond B: abt 1780 Fauquier Co, VA D: abt 1859 Harrison Co, (W)VA and his children: David B: abt 1815; William T C B: 4 Nov 1821; James Joseph B: 27 Sep 1827; and John B: abt 1834 (all born Fauquier Co, VA) -- moved abt 1837/1840. Abraham Oldacre/Oldaker II B: abt 1776 Loudoun Co, VA D: 1850 Lewis (now Upshur) Co, (W)VA married 31 Dec 1803 Fauquier Co, VA SP: Elizabeth 'Betsy' Garrett B: abt 1777/1783 Fauquier Co, VA D: 1878 Harrison Co, WV -- moved abt 1805 to Harrison (now Lewis/Upshur) Co, (W)VA and his son(s) Anthony Oldaker B: 1804 Fauquier Co, VA D: in Ohio; another son may have moved also. Thomas Barton B: abt 1779/1780 Fauquier or Prince William Co, VA D: 1870 Harrison Co, WV married 23 Feb 1808 Fauquier Co, VA SP Sarah Drummond B: abt 1780 Fauquier Co, VA D: 20 Oct 1853 Fayette Co, PA -- moved to Fayette Co, PA where a daughter E;izabeth was born in abt 1836 -- then to Upshur Co, (W)VA before 1850 or 1860 and his sons -- David Barton B: abt 1815/1824 Fauquier Co, VA D: bef 1850 (West)Virginia; William C T Barton B: 4 Nov 1821 Fauquier Co, VA D: 20 Mar 1856 Hacker's Creek, Upshur Co, WV; and James Joseph Barton B: 27 Sep 1827 Fauquier Co, VA D: 12 Jul 1897 Rural Dale, Upshur Co, WV. Jarret Anderson Freeman B: 18 Dec 1797 Fauquier Co, VA D: 27 May 1876 Lewis Co, WV (Son of James Freeman and Elizabeth Sharpe) married 9 Sep 1826 Warrenton, Fauquier Co, VA Nancy Ann Virginia (Behear) Benear B: abt 1805/1808 Fauquier Co, VA D: 27 May 1888 Fink, Lewis Co, WV (Daughter of Henry Benear and Nancy Shaw) -- may have lived in Culpepper Co as one son was born in Culpepper Co, WV in 1835; then lived in Fauquier Co, VA; then moved before 1850 to Lewis Co, (W)VA with children: William Edgar Freeman B: 7 Jun 1835 Culpepper Co, VA; John Thomas Freeman B: 28 Mar 1838 Fauquier Co, VA ; Elizabeth Ann Freeman B: 31 May 1839 Fauquier Co, VA; Martha Ann Freeman B: 20 Aug 1840 Fauquier Co, VA D: abt 1872 Lewis Co, WV; Montravill/Monteville Freeman B: 17 Mar 1844 Fauquier Co, VA; Julia Ann Freeman B: 15 Apr 1846 Fauquier Co, VA D: abt 1870 Lewis Co, WV; and Charles Franklin Freeman B: 15 Apr 1847 Fauquier Co or Culpepper Co, VA D: 1924 WV; a daughter Armitia Virginia Freeman B: 7 Aug 1850 Lewis Co, WV. Anderson Furnicehand Andrew (Moffat)Moffett B: 21 Aug 1821 Fauquier Co, VA D: 11 Jul 1894 Harrison Co, WV (Son of John Anderson Moffett and Elizabeth Hitt) married 16 Jan 1844 Fauquier Co, VA Lucinda Bailey B: 11 Mar 1820 Fauquier Co, VA D: 22 Sep 1902 Confluence, Harrison Co, WV (Daughter of Henry E Bailey and Nancy Alice Ball) --moved to Lewis Co, (W)VA before 1851, then to Harrison Co, WV with three children: John Henry Moffett B: abt 1845 Fauquier Co, VA; George Washington Moffett B: 25 Aug 1847 D: 17 Dec 1923 West Milford, Harrison Co, WV; Mary Elizabeth Moffett B: 11 Mar 1849 Fauquier Co, VA D: 31 May 1904 Lewis CO, WV; eight other children all born in Lewis Co, WV. Ephraim Jeffries B: abt 1775/1785 Fauquier Co, VA D: abt 1845 Harrison Co, (W)VA (Son of James Jeffries and Alice Hannah Anderson) married 9 Sep 1799 Tabitha Norman B: abt 1776/1780 Fauquier Co, VA D: abt 1845 Harrison Co, (W)VA (Daughter of Clement James Norman Jr and Jemima Shumate) -- move to Harrison Co, (W)VA before 1806; with children: Margaret Jeffries B: abt 1792/1799 Fauquier Co, VA; Elizabeth Charlotte Jeffries B: abt 1800 Fauquier Co, VA D: abt 1848 Barbour Co, (W)VA; James Norman Jeffries B: 8 Jun 1804 Fauquier Co, VA D: 2 Jun 1885 Weston, Lewis Co, WV; three other children all born in Harrison Co, (W)VA. Anderson Jeffries B: 21 Jan 1763 Fauquier Co, VA D: Sep 1839 Hardin Co, KY (Son of James Jeffries and Alice Hannah Anderson) married 25 Aug 1788 Mary 'Molly' Gordon B: 11 Jan 1768 King George Co, VA D: 18 Jan 1844 Hardin Co, KY (Daughter of Hugh Gordon and Sarah Owens) -- moved to Surry Co, VA bef 1799; then to Hardin Co, KY before 1802 with Children: Isham Jeffries B: 17 Jun 1789 Fauquier Co, VA D: 25 Dec 1845 Nelson Co, KY; James Exon Jeffries B: abt 1791/1793 Fauquier Co, VA D: Bef Oct 1864; Thomas Jeffries B: abt 1793 Fauquier Co, VA; Elijah Gordon Jeffries Sr B: 26 Jan 1799 Jamestown, Surry Co, VA D: 8 Jan 1869 Hurricane Township, Carrol Co, MO; three other children all born in Mercer Co, KY. Clement James Norman Jr B: abt 1735/1740 Prince William Co, VA D: abt 1817 Harrison Co, (W)VA (Son of Clement Norman Sr and Sarah Martin) married Jemima Shumate B: abt 1742 Elk Run, Prince Williams Co, VA D: aft 1813 Harrison Co, (W)VA (Daughter of John James De La Shumate and Judith Bailey) married abt 1760 assumed Fauquier Co, VA moved between 1788 and 1810 to Harrison Co, (W)VA - they had 12 children - known children that went to Harrison Co, (W)VA -- Sarah Sally B: abt 1772/1777 D: abt 1814 Harrison Co, (W)VA; Bailey Norman B: 27 Mar 1775 Fauquier Co, VA D: unknown; Tabitha Norman B: abt 1776/1780 D: abt 1845 Harrison Co, (W)VA; Sarah Lydia Norman B: abt 1778 Fauquier Co, VA D: abt 1810/1811 Harrison Co, (W)VA; Charlotte 'Minnie' Norman B: abt 1784 Fauquier Co, VA D: aft 1839 (W)VA; Shumate D Norman B: Jan 1785 D: 17 Apr 1873 Harrison Co, WV; Lettice Lettie Norman B: abt 1788 Fauquier Co, VA D: unknown WV. James Lewis or Patrick Dennison Sr B: 1742 Dublin, Ireland or Scotland or VA D: abt 1820 Harrison Co, (W)VA or Fauquier Co, VA married Nancy Anderson B: abt 1742/1752 Dublin, Ireland or Stafford Co, VA D: Fauquier Co, VA -- not positive that he moved to Harrison Co, (W)VA as information is conflicting - however several of his eight children did move to Harrison Co, (W)VA --- Mary Dennison B: abt 1763 Fauquier Co, VA D: 4 Aug 1842 Ohio married Anthony (Hayley) Hailey B: VA D: Meigs Co, OH (they had 8 eight children (no data); Henry Dennison B: abt 1765 Fauquier Co, VA D: Harrison Co, (W)VA; John Ross Dennison Sr B: abt 1772/1775 Fauquier Co, VA D: May 1837 Harrison Co, (W)VA married Sarah Sally Norman B: abt 1772/1777 Fauquier Co, VA D: 1814 Harrison CO, (W)VA -- they had nine children - several died in Harrison Co, (W)VA; James Lewis Dennison Jr B: abt 1776/1778 Fauquier Co, VA D: abt 1854/1860 Harrison Co, WV; Nancy Dennison Jr B: abt 1760/1762 Fauquier Co, VA D: 1813 Harrison Co, (W)VA - married 10 Feb 1800 Faruquier Co, VA Bailey Borman B: 27 Mar 1775 D: unknown -- four children all died in Harrison Co, WV; Elizabeth Dennison B: abt 1764 Fauquier Co, VA D: abt 1825/1826 Harrison CO, (W)VA married 10 Aug 1802 Fauquier Co, VA Steven(Read) Reed B: 1770 Fauquier Co, VA D: 1841 Lewis Co, (W)VA -- six children several died in Lewis or Upshur or Harrison Co, WV. Nancy Garrett B: 31 Jan 1765 Fauquier Co, VA D: 26 Nov 1857 Harrison Co, (W)VA married 4 Sep 1815 Fauquier Co, VA Shumate D Norman B: Jan 1765 Fauquier Co, VA D: 17 Apr 1873 Harrison Co, WV (Son of Clement James Norman Jr and Jemima Shumate) moved to Harrison Co, (W)VA bef 1818 - had four children all born in Harrison Co, (W)VA.
English & Scottish Ancestors, Cavalier & Royalist We can find our Seventeenth Century Ancestors in England. The Northern Neck was settled by Cavalier and Royalist families. What is a Cavalier? Cavalier was first used by Roundheads as a term of abuse for the wealthier Royalist supporters of King Charles I and his son Charles II of England during the English Civil War, the Interregnum, and the Restoration. It was later adopted by the Royalists themselves. What is a Royalist? A royalist supports a particular monarch as head of state for a particular kingdom, or of a particular dynastic claim. In the abstract, this position is royalism. It is distinct from monarchism, which advocates a monarchical system of government, but not necessarily a particular monarch. England's Charles I England & Wales Census England Gazeteer of Place Names Scotland Gazeteer What must we know about the history of England from 1580 to 1700? The people that lived in the Northern Neck of Virginia, can be categorized in to TWO categories. They were either: 1. Cavalier or Royalist families. 2. English citizens who came to Virginia to help the Cavalier and Royalists citizens build their plantations. Where do we begin to identify our Cavalier-Royalist Families and their indentured servants. There are sources available, but extensive serious research is required. Some of the challenges facing us are limited records, very few parish records, records are difficult to read and some of the data is written in Latin. Many of us love the Northern Neck of Virginia and have studied it for years. To find our families in England we must love England as much as we do Northern Virginia. Well almost. We should begin our adventure by learning about seventeen century England and the records that are available. There are several how to books, published finding aids and library card catalogs that will assist us. 1. Study the political and geography of Great Britain in this time period. 2. Review the Surnames and the geographic area where your surname appear. 3. Find the best library near you that has a good English records library collection. 4. Study The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints Card Catalog 5. Begin a study of the surnames that appear in the IGI International Genealogical Index 6. Purchase a stack of blank maps of England so that you can begin to plot your surname on the map. 7. Like counties in America, study the years when parishes have records available. 8. After building a family profile for your "English" family. Study the Family History Card Catalog for England in the Areas where your surname appears. 9. There may be hundreds of the same surname as you are researching. Begin to build a list of the best possiblities. Resources by County Cyndi's List Resources by County GENUKI Official England Royal Web Site Cavalier and Royalist records found in England: Probate Records, Wills and Administrations are available in England from (Wills - 1383 to 1700) and Administrations (1559-1660) Germantown Settlement Early Settlers of Germantown, Fauquier County, Virginia The 1714 Settlers who came to Germantown are found in a wonderful book entitled, Ancestry and Descendants of the Nassau-Siegen Immirgrants to Virginia 1714-1750, by B.C. Holtzclaw was published by The Memorial Foundation of the Germanna Colonies in Virginia, Incorporated, 1964, P.O. Box, 786, Harrisonburg, Va. The following information is found on pages 8 & 9 of this book which may be purchased from Germanna Foundation. Cyndi Howell, German Genealogy Chief Justice Marshall, German Genealogy 1. Brumbach-Melchoir BRUMBACH, born about 1685 at Muesen in the North of Prostestant Siegen, probably a bachelor, but married soon after arrival Elizabeth (probably the elder Mary Elizabeth Fishback, born 1687, daughter of Philip Fishback). Historic German Maps Germantown History 5. Joseph (Jost) CUNTZES from Neiderndorf, parish of Oberfischbach in the south westerpart of Protestant Seigen, born 1674, his first wife Anna Gertrud Reinschmidt, his son John, born 1706, his daughter Ann Elizabeth born 1708 (who later married Tilman Weaver). and his daughter Catherine, born ca 1713/1714 (who later married Harman Kemper). 6 Fishbacks - Philip fishback from Trupbach in Protestant Siegen, just west of the city of Siegen, b. 1661, his wife Elizabeth Heimback, his sons John, born 1691 (who married soon after arrival Agnes, daughter of Rev Henry Haeger), and Harman (born 1693, who married after arrival Catherine - probably Anna Catherine Utterback daughter of Harman Utterback).; and his daughters, Mary Elizabeth, born 1687 ( who later probaly married John Spilman) and Mary Elizabeth who later married probably Melchoir Brumback.) 4 Haegers - Rev Henrich Haeger, former pastor of Oberfischbach, born 1644, his wife Anna Catherine Friesenhagen, born 1663, and his daughters, Agnes born 1697 (who later married John Fishback, and Anna Catherine, born 1702 (who, married 1721 John Huffman.) 1 Huffman - John Huffman from Eisern, south of Siegen in Catholic Siegen, born 1692, unmarried 1721 Anna Catherine Haeger). 2 Hitts - Peter Hitt, born ca 1680-1683, from Rehbach, near Caan - Marienborn, just east of Siegen in Catholic Siegen and his first wife, Maria Elizabeth Freudenberg, born 1674, with no children, though married in 1707. 4 Holtzclaws - Jacob Holtzclaw from Oberfischbach, born 1683, his wife Anna Margaret Utterback, born 1686, daughter of Harman Utterback, and their two sons, John, born 1709, and Henry born 1711. 1 Kemper - John Kemper, born 1692, from Muesen, probably a bachelor (but married soon after arrival Alice Catherine Utterback, daughter of Harman Utterback). 1 Martin - Joseph (Jost) Martin, born 1691, probably a bachelor (but married after arrival Mary Catherine, probably Mary Catherine Utterback, born 1699, daughter of Harman Utterback). 3 Rectors Jacob Rector Wifes of John Rector - from Trupbach, born 1674, his wife Anna Elizabeth, born 1685, daughter of Philip Fischback, and his son John, born 1711. 1 Spilman - John Spilman, born 1679, from Oberschelden in the parish of Oberfischbach, unmarried (married later Mary, probably Mary Elizabeth, born 1696, daughter of Philip Fischback). 8 Utterbacks - Harman Utterback, ca 1664, from Trupbach, his wife Elizabeth Heimbach, born 1662, his sons John Philip, born 1692, and John born 1702, and his daughters, Elizabeth, born 1689 (who probably became the second wife of Peter Hitt), Alice Catherine, born 1697 (who married John Kemper), Mary Catherine born 1699 (who probably married later Joseph Martin), and Anna Catherine, born 1705 (who probably married later Harman Fishback). The two Utterback sons probably died without issue after coming to Virginia. Weavers - John Henry Weaver, born 1667, from Eisern, his wife Anna Margaret Huttmann, his son John, born 1693 (who probably died after arrival). his daughter Catherine born 1697 (who probably became the second wife of Joseph Cutnze), and his son Tillman, born in 1701 (who later married Ann Elizabeth, daughter of Joseph Cuntze). French Huguenots There were a few families in Fauquier County, Virginia that had French Huguenot ancestry. If you know of others please let us know. History of the Shumate Family by Robert S. Riley of Lawton, Oklahoma is a story of the De la Chaumette family who were French Huguenots who came to Virginia about 1720. McDowell Publications of 11129 Pleasant Ridge Road, Utica, Ky 42376 printed the book in 1992. Mark Hardin or Marc Hardoun left his will in Prince William County, Virginia in Will Book C page 36-38. Several Hardin families lived in Prince William County, Virginia. John Shumate of Fauquier County, Virginia was the second son of Jean de la Chaumette (John Shumate I) They came to America about 1720. John Shumate was born about 1708 and left his will in Fauquier County, Virginia 25 Oct 1784 in which he mentions his wife Judith BAILEY. Migrations from Fauquier County Virginia Revised: 24 May 1999 All information submitted to this project remains - to the extent the law allows - the property of the submitter who, by submitting it, agrees that it may be freely copied but NEVER sold or usedin a commercial venture without the knowledge & permission of its rightfulowner. The USGenWeb Project makes no claims or estimates of the validity of the information submitted and reminds you that each new piece of informationmust be researched and proved or disproved by weight of evidence. The following information was posted by June Fikac Between 1780 and 1800, following the American Revolution, the greatest migration yet, started west. Eastern land was worn out, taxes and land prices were rising, currency was scarce and worth nothing, and new immigrants wanted land. Added to those reasons was the state of the American treasury. Congress had received the western land claimed by the colonies and was land poor. Unable to pay the Continental Army, most soldiers received land certificates, as payment for war service instead of money. Various states also reserved land to pay their own soldiers, and the land everyone sought was over the mountains or across the Ohio River. Pioneers soon followed the now well established trails to the forks of the Ohio and trekked into Kentucky through Cumberland Gap, but these trails were not enough. Every settler tramped to the head of his valley and crossed the mountain into the next valley, each hoping to find a shorter way to the Ohio. . Thousands of settlers made their way to the thriving town of Pittsburgh at the Ohio forks and were willing to brave the treacherous Ohio River rapids and the stalking Indians along its banks. Other pioneers were far to the South where a hundred miles of Virginia mountains separated eastern Virginia and the Ohio River. South of the Pittsburgh trails, those mountains had only three major trails by 1790 including: the trail into the Greenbrier valley and down the Kanawha River; and the Wilderness Road trail through Cumberland Gap which had opened in the mid 1770's. The two trails in central Virginia developed slowly because of the harsh terrain and continuing Indian problems. Although a fort had been erected at the mouth of the Kanawha after the Battle of Point Pleasant, settlement was delayed until 1790 and even then pioneers were forced to abandon their claims and return east for safety. The same story was true about the mouth of the Little Kanawha. The major southern flow of settlers between 1785 and 1795 remained through Cumberland Gap. North Carolina granted vast acres in Tennessee to her Revolutionary soldiers and by 1790 those settlers were also moving through Cumberland Gap and down the French Broad, where Knoxville was founded in 1792. In 1788 North Carolina constructed a trail to connect Knoxville to the Cumberland River settlements around Nashville. Nashboro, as it was then called, had connections north to the falls of the Ohio at Louisville and southwest to the Mississippi. Most of Tennessee's settlements were along the western sections of both the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers away from the Indian controlled southeast. These rivers flowed along the northern and southern borders of Tennessee only to empty into the Ohio River about ten miles apart. The Cumberland's mouth has since been changed and forced into the Tennessee River. After the American Revolution the pioneer was still looking for his ideal home. He wanted free or low cost land which could be acquired in western Virginia, Kentucky and Tennessee. He wanted credit for his Revolutionary service which might come from claiming his bounty or from selling to a speculator and using his the money to buy land closer to home. He also wanted lower taxes, a say in his government and a market on the west side of the mountains for his crops. Every land promoter claimed these expectations could be filled in the western lands. Still the settlers were not satisfied, they wanted the entire west open to settlement and demanded as much from the government. The vast Northwest Territory had been ceded to the federal government in 1785. The land across the Ohio River beckoned because many Revolutionary claims lay north of the territory was to be surveyed and parcels offered for sale and as well as to provide military grants, but the pioneers wanted access to the new territory long before the surveys were completed. Traders and hunters had used the Ohio River as a highway for over fifty years before the settlers reached its banks. Despite Indians, many a raft loaded with families and household goods reached central Kentucky between 1775 and 1785 from western Pennsylvania. Pioneers stayed on the Virginia side of the river for only one reason. Indians. Several military expeditions crossed into Ohio, burning crops and villages, to punish the Indians for frontier raids. Both the military roads they created and the stories the returning soldiers told, guaranteed an interest in the "Ohio Country." Several military campaigns were needed to subdue the tribes. Finally in 1795, the Treaty of Greenville ended Indian occupation of most of the Ohio Territory. The new flood of settlers to "Ohio Country" made earlier migrations seem inconsequential. Ohio, as part of the Northwest Territory, was supposed to be surveyed before any land was sold. The first public lands sales for Ohio Territory were made in New York City in 1787 when 108,431 acres were sold. The second public sales were disappointing. The price per acre was only two dollars, but the settler was required to buy in 640 acre sections. In 1796, the Federal Government held two sales. At Pittsburgh, 43,446 acres of Ohio land were sold, while 5,120 acres were sold at Philadelphia. First Federal Land Offices: Marietta 1800 - 1840 Steubenville 1800 - 1840 Cincinnati 1801 - 1840 Chillicothe 1801 - 1876 Zanesville 1804 - 1840 The Virginia Military District covered parts of twenty counties between the Scioto and Little Miami Rivers. Reserved to pay Virginia Revolutionary claims, the District is the only section of Ohio surveyed in the "Metes and Bounds" system. It has been noted that 1,035,408 acres of the Virginia Military District, 25%, was patented by just twenty-five people. June FIKAC Migrated to Clarksburg, Virginia Area I work the local history and genealogy desk at a public library in Clarksburg, West Virginia. That's on US 50 today, but already in the mid-1790's it was the western terminus of a route called the State Road that led out of the Northern Neck and brought lots of families from Fauquier to this area. Clarksburg is on the West Fork of the Monongahela River and until the completion of the Northwestern Virginia Turnpike to Parkersburg in 1838 the route to Pittsburgh and the Ohio and the Mississippi was downstream by flatboat from Clarksburg. People were traveling to St. Louis that way as early as 1808. The resettlement of Northern Neck families in Harrison and other West Virginia counties, from settlement times until circa 1850, is something weought to look at from both sides. The families who came are so numerous I can't list them without going to my notes. David Houchin Clarksburg-Harrison Public Library 404 West Pike Street Clarksburg WV 26301 Great Wagon Road When the first traders and hunters entered the Virginia Valley, they discovered the Warrior's Trail, an Indian trading and war trail which extended from northern NY to the Atlantic Ocean in the far away Carolinas. This trail was soon to become one of the major transportation routes east of the major mountains. It followed a natural valley in the Appalachian Mountain Range. It began in upper NY State where the valley was wide, well defined and forced close to the Atlantic Ocean between NY City and Philadelphia. Further south the valley ran on the western side of the Blue Ridge for over a hundred miles and then splintered into a parallel ridge and valley system south of Roanoke. The old Warrior's Trail became the Great Wagon Road which wound through the Valley of Virginia connecting the northern seaports with the Carolina coast and the interior of North America through Cumberland Gap. Like others routes and trails, the Great Wagon Road developed slowly southward then accelerating as immigrants flooded the frontier. The first section of the road was the Lancaster Road connecting Philadelphia to York and Lancaster in "western" Pennsylvania. Between 1710 and 1730, approximately 100,000 poverty-stricken peasants from the Palatinate region of Germany entered Philadelphia. The older land owners forced them to the outlying frontier along the Lancaster Road to provide a buffer against the Indian tribes. The immigrants gladly went in hopes of acquiring cheap or free land and soon settled the entire area. When they reached infertile lands along the Juanita River about 1727, the main thrust of settlers turned south into the more fertile Virginia Valley. The first settlement in Virginia's Great Valley was Winchester begun in 1731. After 1717 thousands of Scotch-Irish joined the German Palatine pioneers. Coming later, the Scotch-Irish settled beyond the Germans and closest to the Indians. Land title squabbles in Pennsylvania and Maryland sent them south into the Virginia Valley. The Scotch-Irish were often the leading edge of settlement. The lands they cleared were soon sold or left while the pioneer moved on to clear more isolated land which appeared better than what he had just left. [source: Carrie Eldridge, author of Appalachian Trails to the Ohio River] Enjoy, June Re why people left Fauquier County: I think the main reason was to acquire land of one's own. When you look at the census records and marvel at the size of some of the families, you can't help thinking there would not be enough acreage in Fauquier for everyone to stay and make a living. Somewhere I read many years ago that much of the County was owned by a few families. I am sorry I cannot quote the reference. Besides, just think of the adventure of being able to strike out on your own and go someplace new. Life was so tough for most people anyway, the adventurous ones probably weren't the least bit apprehensive about starting out. My grandfather was from the Vermont Islands, another beautiful place, and when he was asked how he could bear to leave, he said,"Waal now, I couldn't eat the scenery!" Happy Hunting, Pat Littlefield |
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Last Updated: April 2020 |
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