Chapter 14 History of Medicine and Medical Men Part 2 Bios

Who practiced Medicine in Camden County since the organization of the Camden County Medical Society in 1846, who are deceased or have removed.

ISAAC SKILLMAN MULFORD was the son of Henry and Sarah Mulford, and was born at Alloway’s Creek, Salem County, N.J., on December 31, 1799. Selecting the profession of medicine, he entered the office of Dr. Joseph Parrish, of Philadelphia, as a student in 1819, and in the same year he attended medical lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, from which institution he graduated in 1822. He served for one year as resident physician in the Pennsylvania Hospital and in 1823 began the practice of medicine in Camden, then a mere village, popularly known as the "Ferry," in which, at that date, Dr. Samuel Harris was the only physician. His practice grew as Camden increased in population until he became a leading physician, a position he retained for the whole of his career of fifty years of professional labor. He was noted for his skill in the diagnosis of disease, a faculty that seemed to be intuitive with him.

Dr. Mulford was a pioneer in the organization of Camden County and City Medical Societies and City Dispensary, and he served as president of all of them. His keen insight into the needs of the people and his accurate judgment and precision in all technical details were valuable aids in laying the firm foundations upon which those superstructures were erected. He attained an enviable preeminence in the community for the honesty, the firmness and the correctness of his convictions, both in professional and secular affairs.

Although never an office-seeker, such was the confidence of his fellow-citizens in his patriotism and public spirit that, when meetings were held upon any important civic occasions, such as the firing upon Fort Sumter at the commencement of the Rebellion, he would be called upon to preside over and to address them. His speeches were delivered with a logical force that was convincing, and with a rhetoric that rose at times into eloquence. He was greatly interested in the establishment of the public-school system in New Jersey and his services in its behalf were rewarded by the Executive of the State by an appointment after its adoption as a member of the State School Board of Education. He was frequently elected a member of the School Board in Camden. He was also one of the visitors of the State Insane Asylum. He was an occasional lecturer upon medical and scientific subjects and was also the author of a number of papers upon them published in the medical journals. In the year 1848 he issued from the press the "Civil and Political History of New Jersey," a work which has become a standard book of reference.

Dr. Mulford married, in 1830, Rachel, daughter of Isaac and Sarah Mickle, of Gloucester (now Camden) County. Shortly afterwards he joined the Society of Friends and became a prominent member of the Newtown Meeting, of which he was an elder until his decease. His residence was upon the south side of Federal Street, between Second and Third, in the building now occupied by the Camden Safe Deposit and Trust Company. He died February 10, 1873, and is buried in Newton Cemetery. He left three daughters still surviving - Emma, who married Henry Palmer; Mary, the wife of Colonel James M. Scovel; and Anna, wife of Dr. Richard C. Dean, United States Navy.

BENJAMIN WHITALL BLACKWOOD was a descendant of John Blackwood, the founder of the town of Blackwood, in this county. His father, John Blackwood who at one time was associate judge of the Gloucester County Court, married Ann Mickle. Dr. Blackwood was born January 16, 1800, on a farm on the north side of Newtown Creek, about a mile from its mouth. He studied medicine under Dr. Samuel Howell, of Woodbury, afterwards of Princeton, N.J., and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania March 27, 1828. He began the practice of medicine in Haddonfield in that year, but did not procure his license from the New Jersey State Medical Society until June 12, 1830. He left Haddonfield, and for a short time practiced in Philadelphia, but soon returned to his former residence. He joined the Camden County Medical Society in 1847, but resigned June 18, 1853, in consequence of his affiliation with homoeopathy, which was contrary to the code of ethics of the society. He married Mary Ann Hopkins, of Haddonfield, November 24, 1824, and died January 19, 1866. His widow survived him six years. He had six children, three of whom are living; two daughters still live in his residence, which he built about 1846. Dr. Blackwood was a member of the Society of Friends and a man of exemplary life.

JACOB P. THORNTON was a native of Bucks County, in Pennsylvania, and his early life was spent on the farm of his parents. In 1828 he graduated in the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania and located in Haddonfield, N.J., in the same year. He obtained considerable practice and remained there until 1849. He Was one of the corporators of the Medical Society of Camden County in 1846 and acted as the first treasurer for two years.

At the meeting of the society January 16, 1849, he resigned his membership "on account of the expense attending the meetings."

He soon after removed to the State of Ohio, where he is still living. His practice here covered a large extent of territory and in many instances with indifferent pay. His attendance on his patients was faithful and conscientious, always discharging that duty to the best of his ability.

He was cotemporary with Dr. Charles D. Hendry and their professional intercourse was always pleasant, his senior extending to him the assistance and advice arising therefrom.

CHARLES D. HENDRY* was the descendant of physicians on both the maternal and paternal line, and if particular characteristics be transmitted from father to son, then he had the advantage of two generations on either side to strengthen and qualify him for the healing art.

He was the son of Dr. Bowman Hendry, of Haddonfield, who was a son of Dr. Thomas Hendry, of Woodbury, both practicing and successful physicians. His mother was Elizabeth Duffield, a daughter of Dr. Charles Duffield, who was a son of Dr. Duffield, both of Philadelphia, whose lives were spent in the practice of medicine.

He was born in Haddonfield May 8, 1809, where his parents then resided and where his father was in active practice. From his earliest recollection he was familiar with his father’s laboratory and, no doubt, often kept his father busy answering questions relating to the use and application of medicines. The skeletons there standing had no terror for him as a boy, but he then saw the anatomy of the human system, of so much use to him in after-years. The diagnosis of difficult cases he often heard discussed when studying his lessons for school, and in his youth there was instilled into his mind things that he found advantageous in his profession.

To show that his father intended he should follow him, at the age of sixteen he was placed in a drug store in Philadelphia, and graduated in pharmacy in 1830. He then took his place in the classes of the University of Pennsylvania and won his diploma in 1832.

He had scarcely attained his majority before his father required him to ride and see his patients, and kept him under his personal supervision for several years. As the practice of medicine was at that time undergoing many changes, the father differed widely from the notions of the son in adopting the new ideas. Many amusing anecdotes were related by Dr. Charles of the persistency of Dr. Bowman for the old practice.

On several occasions when Charles was sent to see patients, and had packed his remedies in his pocket, his father would put his man on a horse with the traditional medicine chest to follow him, supposing he had forgotten the ever needful attendants of a practitioner of the "old school." The old gentleman would often insist on certain rules being followed as only conducive to success, and assure his son that he would lose his cases and position if he departed from them. With all due respect for his experience, old theories gradually passed away, and at his death (April 23, 1838) Charles had succeeded to the practice with advanced and popular ideas.

Following the religious views of his family, he did much toward the building of an Episcopal Church in Haddonfield, and was elected one of the vestrymen April 20, 1843, and so remained until his death.

Believing that much advantage would be derived from more frequent intercourse among physicians in the county, and after considerable effort on his part, the Camden County Medical Society was organized August 14, 1846. This was mutually beneficial, and soon became very popular in the profession. In 1849 he was selected to represent the society in the American Medical Association, which sat at Boston, Mass., showing that his standing as a practitioner was appreciated among his constituents. He acted as resident of the county society in 1852 and 1853, but in 1865 he removed to Philadelphia, and in that year (June 20th) resigned his membership. He practiced medicine in his native town and neighborhood for about thirty-three years, associated with others who settled there as the increase of population warranted it. In the early part of his service the work was exposing and laborious, presenting to him diseases in every phase and under every condition. Being of an affable and pleasant address, and generally reaching a correct diagnosis of the case before him, he soon became popular, and secured the confidence of the community. His care of and attention to his patients was proverbial, and he seldom allowed stormy weather, bad roads or dark nights to break in upon this rule. His operations in surgery were limited, and in difficult cases he always obtained the assistance of experts.

He gave considerable attention to climatic changes and miasmatic influences as controlling the health of the neighborhood, and drawing the attention of his associates to these important, but then little understood, subjects.

Being the victim of hereditary gout, aggravated by his frequent exposure to storms and cold, his health gradually declined, and in 1865 he abandoned his practice and removed to Philadelphia. He afterwards returned to Camden, and was often consulted by those who regarded his experience and skill as superior to all others. He died April 25, 1869, and lies buried in the cemetery at Colestown, beside the remains of his ancestors.

JOHN ROWAN SICKLER. - There were several physicians who practiced within the territory of Camden County who never were members of its medical society. One of the moat prominent of these was Dr. John B. Sickler. He was a native of the county, having been born at Chews Landing September 20, 1800. He was the son of Christopher and Sarah Sickler. At the age of eighteen he entered the office of Benjamin B. Cooper to learn surveying and conveyancing, an occupation he followed for several years. Having a natural fondness for the profession of medicine, he, when twenty-six years of age, entered the office of Dr. McClellan, father of General Geo. B. McClellan, as a student, and graduated at the Jefferson Medical College March 18, 1829. The next day, at his home in Chews Landing, he paid his first professional visit to James D. Dotterer. He continued in practice here for four years, a place where, according to the doctor’s books, the people were remarkable for being good pay. On the 25th of March, 1832, he removed to Camden and opened a drug-store on Federal Street, near the ferry, in which he sold a general assortment of drugs, including paints and oils. It was the only store of the kind then in that city. Dr. Sickler still retained part of his county practice. After living in Camden a little over two years, and his health failing, he relinquished his drug business, and on April 14, 1834, returned to Chews landing. On November 13th of the same year he moved to Woodbury. Here he remained until March 25, 1836, when he located at Carpenters Landing (now Mantua) where he spent the remainder of his days. He took an active part in public affairs. In 1825 he was a justice of the peace for Gloucester township, and between 1828 and 1865 he was associate judge of the Courts of Common Pleas of Gloucester County, which, up to 1844, included in it Camden County. In the latter year he was a member of the Constitutional Convention of the State. He was a member of the Board of Chosen Freeholders of Gloucester from 1859 to 1871. Several times be was a school trustee. He was one of the building committee that erected the Gloucester County Almshouse, and was its first treasurer. Besides attending to these official duties, he joined in the State, county and district conventions of the Democratic party, of which he was a member. During all these years of public life he pursued the practice of medicine with skill and success. He took much interest in the Gloucester County Medical and State Medical Societies, being a member of both, and at one time president of the latter. In the year 1876, when seventy-six years old, he retired from business. He died April 11, 1886.

MYLES and MARTIN SYNOTT were brothers. Their father was Irish and their mother American. They were natives of Mays Landing. The elder brother, Myles, was born in 1806, and the younger, Martin, April 8, 1812. The former studied with Dr. Jacob Fisler, who afterward married the Drs. Synott’s mother. He graduated at the Jefferson Medical College in 1831 and commenced the practice of medicine in Chews Landing in 1833. He remained here until 1841, when he removed to Glassboro’, Gloucester County, where he died February 9, 1867. He was noted for his wit. He was very strict concerning his instructions to his patients, and once blistered a man’s feet because he refused to stay in the house when ordered to do so.* He married Harriet Whitney, of Glassboro’, in 1843, and left three children, still living.

Dr. Martin Synott studied medicine with his brother and graduated at the Jefferson Medical College in 1839. He also located at Chews Landing, where he practiced until 1845, when he removed to Blackwood, where he died April 8, 1877. He was a man of tact and skill in his profession. He married Rebecca Jaggard, February 12, 1844. Two daughters survive him.

JOSEPH ANDERSON STOUT, was the son of Benjamin and Grace Stout, of Attleborough (Langhorne), Bucks County, Pa., where he was born in 1807. He studied medicine under Dr. Boil, and graduated in New York in 1831. Some time afterwards he located in Long-a-Coming (now Berlin), Camden County, his practice extending to Winslow, Waterford and the surrounding country. In 1838 he removed to Tuckahoe, Cape May County.

From thence he went to Somers Point, Atlantic County, succeeding Dr. Lewis S. Somers, who had removed to Philadelphia. While in Tuckahoe he married, in 1839, Miss M.S. Godfrey, a sister of Hon. John Godfrey, who, after the death of Dr. Stout, married a Mr. Ogden. Dr. Stout died at Somers Point April 11, 1848, and was buried in Zion Churchyard, at Bargaintown. He was a believer in the faith of universal salvation. He left four sons, but one of whom is living.**

LORENZO F. FISLER was born on a farm in the upper end of Cumberland County, near Fislerville, on the 20th of April, 1797. He was the son of Dr. Benjamin and Catharine Fisler. He studied medicine with his father who then practiced medicine in Port Elizabeth, and as early as 1815 he assisted the latter in his profession. Dr. Fisler attended lectures at the University of Pennsylvania and graduated therefrom in 1819. He had two brothers, physicians, - Samuel, his twin brother, and Jacob who practiced in Mays landing, Atlantic County. Dr. Lorenzo F. Fisler began his professional career with his brother Benjamin in the latter place, where, being a good speaker, he occasionally preached in the Methodist Church. He remained here only a short time. He removed to Woodstown, in Salem County, and in 1825 he posed his examination before the board of censors of that county. In 1832 he returned to Port Elizabeth, and in 1836 he located in Camden, his office being on Second Street below Market. In this city he soon secured a good practice, at the same time joining actively in public affairs. He was mayor of the city seven times. Dr. Fisler was a clear and logical writer, and was the author of a pamphlet history of Camden, published in 1858. As a public lecturer he was noted for his pleasing address and humorous satire, and he was frequently invited to deliver addresses before associations of a benevolent or charitable character. He never joined either the State or County Medical Societies, but he was one of the organizers and a most efficient member of the Camden City Medical Society. Dr. Fisler died in Camden, March 31, 1871. He married Anna Maria, daughter & Richard Somers and Rachael Risley, & Woodstown, who, with five children, are still living.

WILLIAM PARHAM was one of the physicians in Camden County who never joined its medical society. He was born in 1803, in Jerusalem, Va. He studied medicine in Lexington, Ky., and began its practice in Alabama. From there he went to Central America and was a surgeon in a battle in Yucatan. After that he returned to the United States, and remained for a time in Philadelphia. He then selected Tom’s River, in Ocean County, N.J., as a field for practice, but in 1836 he removed to Tansboro’, in Camden County, from which place his professional visits extended to the adjacent towns of Waterford and Winslow. In a few years Dr. Parham removed to Williamstown, and thence in 1846 to Blackwood. He continued to practice medicine here until his death, which occurred April 2, 1855. He married, at Barnegat, Ocean County, February 28, 1833, Juliana, daughter of Dr. Bugbee, who was a native of Vermont. They had no children.

GEORGE BARROWS was an Englishman and received his medical education in his native country. With a wife and one child he landed penniless in New York in 1836. Accidentally meeting in that city with Sooy Thompson, of Pleasant Mills, Atlantic County, N.J., he was induced by him to settle in the latter place, where he boarded with Mr. Thompson until he could procure a home for himself. Here he diligently applied himself to the practice of his profession.*** Between the years 1840 and 1844 he removed to Tansboro’, in Camden County. At a meeting of the Camden County Medical Society held December 21, 1847, a committee was appointed to investigate the credentials of Dr. Barrows. They reported that there was on file in the clerk’s office a certified copy of a diploma granted to him in 1836 by Dr. Henry Vanderveer, president of the New Jersey State Medical Society. It does not appear that he ever applied for admission to membership in the County Medical Society.

RICHARD MATLACK COOPER. - William Cooper, of Coleshill, England, located land at Burlington, N. J., in 1678. On June 12, 1682, he had surveyed to him the land at Pyne, now Coopers Point, Camden, to which he then removed. Daniel Cooper, the youngest son of William, married twice. By the first wife he had one child, William, from whom is descended the family which by inheritance and purchase acquired a large part of what is now the city of Camden, much of it still being in their possession.

Of this family was Dr. Richard M. Cooper, the son of Richard M. and Mary Cooper, born in Camden August 30, 1816. His father, who was a man of distinction, gave his son a liberal education. After a course of study at a preparatory school he entered the Department of Arts of the University of Pennsylvania in 1832, and graduated from it in 1836. He at once commenced the study of medicine with Professor George B. Wood, of the Medical Department of the same University, and after attending three courses of lectures there, received from it his degree of M.D. in 1839.

At this date the lower part of Camden, called South Camden, was being settled by negroes and poor whites. Among these Dr. Cooper began the practice of his profession, gratuitously dispensing necessary medicines. His colleagues in the profession were Drs. Samuel Harris, Isaac S. Mulford and Lorenzso F. Fisler, all men of ability and experience, with whom he soon took an equal rank as a skilful practitioner.

Dr. Cooper took an active interest in the organization of the Camden County Medical Society in 1846, being one of its corporators, its first secretary and subsequently its treasurer. He was a member of its board of censors from the time of their appointment, in 1847, until 1851, and as such it was his duty to examine into the qualifications of all physicians desiring to practice medicine in the district.

Professionally, Dr. Cooper appears to have attained almost the station of the ideal physician, for he had a broad love for humanity as well as an enthusiasm for the healing art. "He was distinguished," says one who knew him, "for that gentle and cheerful demeanor in a sick-room which not only inspired faith in his patient, but assuaged the pangs of many an aching heart. Such was the esteem in which he was held, that many seemed to believe that his presence in a sick-room would relieve the sufferer. His skill and constant studious research in his profession, however, gave him a success which inspired this confidence; and practicing, because he loved to practice, gave him an experience which increased his knowledge. . . . A man cast in such a mold would naturally find pleasure in forwarding works of charity and benevolence. It was so in this case."

One of Doctor Cooper’s characteristics was his modesty. He would not permit his name to be proposed for president of the County Medical Society until 1871, because he was unwilling to stand in the way of the promotion of its younger members. For the same reason he accepted the appointment of delegate to the American Medical Association only when its meetings were held at a distance, because he could spare the time occupied, and the expense incurred in its attendance better than his fellow-members. In 1871 he read before the Society a history of it from its incorporation, the MSS. of which are preserved in the archives. He was frequently chairman of the standing committee, and wrote the medical reports made to the New Jersey State Medical Society, which were marked by a comprehensive knowledge of the diseases of his native county. He became president of the latter society in 1856.

"Engrossed, as Dr. Cooper was, by the onerous duties of an exacting profession, which were discharged with a fidelity, skill and self-abnegation worthy of the man, he found time, amid all these, to intimately acquaint himself with what was passing in the busy world around him. There seemed to be no subject, national, state, county or municipal, that escaped his notice, or that he did not exercise his impartial judgment in properly considering and criticising. Those measures which involved the vital concerns of the country, when torn asunder for the time by fratricidal strife, awakened his deepest thought, and when drawn out, he would discuss them with that unconscious ability characteristic of the man. He displayed the same cogent reasoning and methods of thought in reaching satisfactory conclusions when giving expression to his views in regard to the more intimate concerns of his State. Laws affecting its policy or the interests of the people seldom escaped his observation, or failed to provoke his favorable or adverse criticism, and no one could listen without being instructed as well as surprised at the large fluid of general information always at hand to draw from in illustrating a point or in enforcing an argument. But it was in home affairs that Dr. Cooper showed his greatest interest and his thorough acquaintance with everything connected with the public welfare. He scrutinized with the greatest care every action of the local authorities involving the city’s welfare, never withholding his approval where the step to be taken was warranted by the city’s finances and demanded for the public good. Dr. Cooper was never indifferent to his responsibility as a citizen, and it was this that led those who knew him best to seek his advice and counsel when matters of public interest required the mature deliberation of one so prudent, unselfish and discriminating."

Dr. Cooper was one of the originators of the Camden City Medical Society, and was a most efficient member. He was a corporator of the Camden City Dispensary, and its treasurer from its incorporation until his death.

The Cooper Hospital, described elsewhere, was a project of his, in conjunction with his brother, Wm. D. Cooper, which, although not commenced in the lifetime of the projectors was, after their decease, established and endowed by their sisters Sarah W. and Elizabeth B. Cooper, who with their brother, Alexander Cooper, also conveyed the land upon which the buildings are located.

For many years Dr. Cooper was a sufferer from hereditary gout, from the consequences of which, superadded to the labors of a very extensive practice, he died May 24, 1874, while, for a second time, president of his favorite, the Camden County Medical Society, to which he bequeathed, in his will, the sum of three thousand dollars, the interest of which was to be used in defraying its expenses. He was a member of the Society of Friends, whose faith had been the religion of his ancestors. He was never married.

EZEKIEL COOPER CHEW commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Bowman Hendry, of Haddonfield, and completed his education at the Jefferson Medical College in 1843. He was the son of Nathaniel and Mary Chew, of Greenwich (now Mantua) township, Gloucester County, and was born January 17, 1822. He first engaged in the practice of medicine in Blackwood, and joined the Camden County Medical Society in 1851. He had been a member about two years, when he left this county and removed to Iowa, and subsequently settled in Indiana, where he was still living three years ago. Dr. Chew was a man of commanding appearance and had a fine physique. He married Miss Caroline Bishop Woolston, of Vincentown, Burlington County, N.J., and had fourteen children, of whom seven sons and three daughters are living, and four sons are dead.

OTHNIEL HART TAYLOR was born in Philadelphia May 4, 1803. His father was William Taylor, Jr., who married Mary E. Gazzam, both of Cambridge, England, whence they removed to Philadelphia, in which city Mr. Taylor was engaged in an extensive mercantile business for more than forty years.

The early life of his son Othniel was occupied mainly in attendance upon schools of elementary instruction in Philadelphia and Holmesburg, Pa., and in Baskenridge, N.J. In 1818 he entered the Literary Department of the University of Pennsylvania, and in 1820 he became a medical student in the office of that distinguished physician and surgeon, Thomas T. Hewson, M.D., at the same time attending a course of medical instruction in the University of Pennsylvania. He completed his studies there in 1826 and graduated with the class of that year. After his graduation, Dr. Taylor entered upon the practice of medicine in the city of Philadelphia, where he was very soon appointed one of the physicians to the City Dispensary, in which capacity he served many years, and about the same time he was elected out-door physician to the Pennsylvania Hospital, a position he held for eight years. During the year 1832 the Asiatic cholera made its first appearance in this continent, and Dr. Taylor distinguished himself by volunteering to serve in the city hospitals which were established in the emergency by the municipal authorities, while he was at the same time acting as one of the Committee of Physicians appointed by the City Councils as consulting physicians to their sanitary board.

The hospital which was especially in his charge was known as St. Augustine Hospital, in Crown Street, and the number of cholera patients reported by him as under treatment in that hospital was five hundred and twelve. He was also elected as one of a commission of medical men who were sent to Montreal, in Canada, to study the character and treatment of cholera on its outbreak in that city, and before its appearance in our cities; but being unable to accompany the commission, he declined in favor of Dr. Charles D. Meigs, who, with Drs. Richard Harlan and Samuel Jackson, made the visit and report. Upon the closing of the hospitals after the disappearance of the cholera, Dr. Taylor, with seven other physicians who had been in charge of cholera hospitals, received, by vote of the City Council, a testimonial of their appreciation of the services which they had rendered to the city, each of them being presented with a service of silver bearing inscription that it was given "as a token of regard for intrepid and disinterested services."

In consequence of impaired health, Dr. Taylor, in 1838, relinquished the practice of medicine in Philadelphia and removed to Abington, Pa.; thence he went, in 1841, to Caldwell, Essex County, N.J., and in 1844 he located himself in Camden, continuing actively in the practice of medicine there during the remainder of his life.(4*)

Dr. Taylor was one of the three physicians of Camden City whose names appear in the list of corporators of the Camden County Medical Society in 1846, and he was its first vice-president, holding the office for four years. In 1856 he became its president. For twenty-three years he was one of its most attentive, active and efficient members, his learning and experience rendering his services invaluable in committee work. He was elected vice-president of the State Medical Society successively in 1849, 1850 and 1851, and president of that society in 1852. He was one of the organizers of the City Medical Society and had filled its most important offices; and he introduced into it the resolution for the founding of a City Dispensary, of which, when eventually it was established, he was one of the corporators and a manager until ill health compelled his retirement.

Dr. Taylor was the author of quite a number of valuable articles and addresses upon medicine and related subjects which were published in the medical and other journals. In addition to this, he was frequently a lecturer before lyceums and other societies, and this contributed much to the intellectual development of Camden. He was a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church and in 1847 he was elected a warden of St. Paul’s Church, Camden, and at the time of his death he was senior warden of that parish.

In 1832, Dr. Taylor married Evelina C., daughter of Jehu and Anna Burrough, of Gloucester (now Camden County). During his residence in Camden he lived in the house on Market Street, above Third, built by Mrs. Burrough in 1809, where the doctor died of pneumonic phthisis September 5, 1869. His widow survived until September 18, 1878, leaving three sons - Dr. H. Genet Taylor, Marmaduke B. Taylor (a lawyer in Camden) and O.G. Taylor (deceased), who for nearly twenty years was apothecary and superintendent of the Camden Dispensary.

WILLIAM C. MULFORD was a pioneer physician in Gloucester City, having removed to it from Pittsgrove, Salem County, in 1845, soon after the first mill was erected in the former place. He was the son of William and Ann Mulford, and was born July 17, 1808, in Salem City. Commencing the study of medicine under Dr. Beasley, he attended medical lectures at the Jefferson Medical College, and graduated in 1830. He practiced medicine in Pittsgrove, Salem County, where he married his wife, Emily Dare, on March 28, 1833. Upon his removal to Gloucester City he was appointed its first postmaster, the post-office being in a corner room of the factory. Dr. Mulford continued practicing his profession here until 1862, when he was commissioned an assistant surgeon in the Third New York Cavalry, serving with it for six months, when he was detailed for hospital duty in Rhode Island, and then in Washington. He was on duty at and witnessed the execution of Mrs. Surratt. He was honorably discharged from the service in April, 1866, when he recommended the practice of medicine in Gloucester City, and continued there until 1870. In that year he removed to a farm he had purchased in Charles City County, Va., where he died December 3, 1878. He never joined either of the medical societies.

REYNELL COATES moved to Camden in 1845, where he attended an occasional patient during the earlier years of his residence in it. He belonged to an old Philadelphia family, and was born in that city December 10, 1802. His father, Samuel Coates, sent him to the well-known Friends’ School at Westtown. Afterwards he attended medical lectures at time University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1823. Dr. Coates was a man of the most brilliant and erratic genius, and a poet of considerable reputation. He was a well-known author upon medical, scientific and political subjects, and some of his works have been translated into other languages; a list of them may be found in Allibone’s "Dictionary of Authors." He likewise for a time took an active part in politics, and in 1852 was the candidate for Vice President on the Native American ticket. Before he came to Camden he had separated from his wife, with whom he had lived but one year. In this city he was very poor at times and dependent upon the assistance of his relatives in Philadelphia. Sometimes he boarded, but frequently he lived entirely alone, doing his own cooking. In 1867 he was elected a member of the Camden City Medical Society. Dr. Coates was the anonymous author of a biography of Dr. Bowman Hendry, of Haddonfield, published in pamphlet form in 1848. He died in Camden April 27, 1886.

AARON DICKINSON WOODRUFF was the first member to join the Camden County Medical Society after its incorporation, which he did in 1847. His grandfather, A.D. Woodruff, was attorney-general of New Jersey from 1800 to 1818. Dr. Woodruff was the son of Elias Decou Woodruff and Abigail Ellis Whitall, and was born in Woodbury, N.J., May 4, 1818. Upon the death of his father, in 1824, his mother removed to Georgetown, D.C., and thence, in 1829, to Philadelphia. Dr. Woodruff was educated at the academy of Samuel Jones. At sixteen he entered the drug store of Charles Ellis, and graduated at the College of Pharmacy in 1838. In 1840 he went to Woodville, Miss., to take charge of a drug store, but commencing the study of medicine, he returned, in 1842, to Philadelphia, and pursued his studies under Dr. Thomas Mutter, professor of surgery in the Jefferson Medical College, from which school he graduated in 1844. He spent a few months in the Pennsylvania Hospital, and then commenced the practice of medicine in Haddonfield, where he soon won the confidence of the people and secured an extensive practice. In 1865, in consequence of impaired health from overwork, Dr. Woodruff retired from practice and removed to Philadelphia. He resigned from the Medical Society in 1871, upon his removal to his farm in Princess Anne, Md., but was elected an honorary member of it. He died in Philadelphia in January, 1881. He was an elder in the Presbyterian Church. Dr. Woodruff married Miss Anne Davidson, of Georgetown, D. C., but left no issue.

JAMES C. RISLEY was one of the corporators and first president of the Camden County Medical Society, being at that time a practitioner of medicine at Long-a-Coming (Berlin), where he remained until 1849. He was the son of Judge James Risley, of Woodstown, Salem County, born in June, 1817. He studied medicine with Dr. J. Hunt, and was licensed by the board of censors of the New Jersey State Medical Society in June, 1838, but he did not attend medical lectures until some years later, finally graduating in 1844 at the Jefferson Medical College. In the mean time he had practiced medicine at Port Elizabeth until 1842, when he returned to Woodstown. After his graduation he located in Camden County. From here, in 1849, he went to Columbia, Pa., and remained there until 1856, when he removed to Muscatine, Iowa. He returned to Pennsylvania in 1861, and opened an office at New Brighton, continuing here until 1864, when, his health being impaired, he went back to his home in Woodstown, where he died November 21, 1866.(5*) Dr. Risley was a man of commanding appearance and pleasing address, with colloquial powers that won for him a quick appreciation from his patrons. He married Miss Caroline Crompton, of Port Elizabeth, who survival him.

BOWMAN HENDRY, JR., was the son of Dr. Bowman Hendry, and was born in Haddonfield May 4, 1820. His father dying when his son was a youth, young Hendry studied medicine with his brother Charles, and graduated from the Jefferson College in 1846. For a few months he practiced medicine in Haddonfield, and then removed to Gloucester City, a place that had just been started as a manufacturing town. After the outbreak of the Civil War Dr. Hendry entered the army and was appointed assistant surgeon of the Sixth New Jersey Regiment, and continued with it until the regiment was mustered out of service, September 7, 1864. Next he was attached to the Mower Hospital, at Germantown, Pa., where he remained until the close of the war. He then located in Camden City, where he practiced medicine until his death, June 8, 1868. Dr. Hendry was a member of the Camden City and Camden County Medical Societies, having joined the latter in 1847, and was its president in 1860. He took an active part in both, and read before the City Society a valuable paper upon the Mower Hospital. He married, February 24, 1850, Helen A. Sarchet, of Gloucester City, who, with one daughter, resides in Camden.

CHARLES W. SARTORI was born in Trenton, N.J., September 6, 1806. His father, John Baptiste Sartori, a native of Rome, Italy, came to the United States in 1791. He returned to Rome as United States consul from 1795 to 1800, when he came back to the United States as consul for the Papal States. Dr. Sartori’s mother was Henrietta, daughter of Chevalier De Woopoin, a French officer, who acquired large estates in San Domingo, but was killed in the negro insurrection in that island. Dr. Sartori was educated at Georgetown, D.C. He studied medicine and graduated at the Jefferson Medical College in 1829. Commencing the practice of medicine in Port Republic, Atlantic County, he remained there until 1839, when he removed to Tuckerton, Burlington County, and practiced there until 1843. Between this date and l849 he was again in Atlantic County, at Pleasant Mills, Atsion, Batsto, and in the latter year located at Blackwood, Camden County, where he stayed only a short time, removing from thence to Camden. He never practiced medicine in Camden, although it was his residence until his death, on October 4, 1875. On May 10, 1861, he was appointed acting assistant surgeon in the United States Navy, and was assigned to the United States steamer "Flag," his brother, Louis C. Sartori, now commodore on the retired list United States Navy, being commander of that vessel. In 1863 he was transferred to the United States steamer "Wyalusing," from which vessel he resigned July 19, 1864. In 1833 Dr. Sartori married Ann L., widow of Captain Robert D. Giberson, of Port Republic. He was never a member of either of the Medical Societies in Camden County.

JOHN VOORHEES SCHENCK, belonged to an old East Jersey family, who have had a number of representatives in the medical profession. He was the son of Dr. Ferdinand S. and Leah Voorhees Schenck, and was born in Somerset County, N.J., November 17, 1824. The elder Dr. Schenck represented his district in Congress for four years, and between 1845 and 1851 he was one of the judges of the Court of Errors and Appeals. Dr. John V. Schenek received his academical education at Rutgers College, from which he obtained his diploma in 1844. Then he attended medical lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1847. At first he assisted his father in his practice in his native place, but soon removed to Monmouth County, where he remained but a short time. In 1848 he located in Camden and gradually secured probably the most extensive practice, especially in obstetrics, of any physician who ever practiced there. He was the eleventh member admitted (1848) to the Camden County Medical Society, and became its secretary and treasurer in 1856, and its president in 1859. He was one of the organizers of the Camden City Medical Society, and a corporator of the Camden City Dispensary, and was secretary of the former from its commencement until 1859. He was also a member of the New Jersey State Medical Society and its president in 1876. His health becoming impaired by overwork, he visited Europe for a few months. Returning somewhat benefited, he resumed the practice of medicine. He died July 25, 1882, while on a short sojourn at Atlantic City. He was a member of the First Presbyterian Church. Dr. Schenck married Martha McLeod, daughter of Henry McKeen, of Philadelphia. He left a widow and two daughters, one of whom is the wife of Major Franklin C. Woolman, of Camden.

Dr. Peter Voorhees Schenck was a younger brother of Dr. J.V. Schenck and was born May 23, 1838. He was a student at Princeton College, but retired in consequence of impaired health. Upon his recovery he matriculated in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, from which he graduated in 1860. He began the practice of his profession in West Philadelphia, but upon the breaking out of the Civil War, in 1861, he entered the regular army and served until the close of the war, when he resigned. In 1867 he joined his brother in Camden and was admitted a member of both of the medical societies. In the succeeding year he removed to St. Louis, Mo., and engaged in the practice of medicine. He was at one time the health officer of St. Louis and physician-in-chief of the female department of the City Hospital. He married Ruth Anna, daughter of John and Ruth Anna McCune, of St. Louis. He died March 12, 1885, leaving a widow and four children.

THOMAS F. CULLEN was one of the few members of the Camden County Medical Society who passed an examination before its board of censors, receiving his license June 18, 1850. He was elected a member of the society in the following December. He was the son of Captain Thomas Cullen, of the Philadelphia merchant marine, and was born in that city September 3, 1822. He received his scholastic education in Mount Holly, N.J., to which place his parents had removed. Dr. Cullen studied medicine with Dr. Heber Chase, a surgeon of Philadelphia, and graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1844. His first field of practice was in Newark, Delaware, but in 1849 he removed to Camden. Here his great natural abilities and careful training brought him prominently forward, especially as a surgeon, in which branch of the profession he became so skilled and successful that for the first time in its history Camden became independent of its neighbor across the Delaware for the performance of a capital surgical operation. He was an active member of the medical societies, serving as president of the city and county societies, and of the State society in 1869. While a member of the former two, no committee was complete without him. He was one of the corporators of the Camden Dispensary and Cooper Hospital. Of the former, he was two years its president, and a director of the latter until his death. He died November 21, 1877. Her left no issue.

JACOB GRIGG is of English descent. His grandfather, Rev. Jacob Grigg, was a Baptist missionary, sent from England to Sierra Leone, Africa, but his health failing, he sailed for America. His son, Dr. John B. Grigg, the father of Dr. Jacob Grigg, practiced medicine at White Marsh, Pennsylvania, where the latter was born, June 23, 1821. He read medicine with his father, and received his diploma from the University of Pennsylvania in 1843. In the same year he married Mary, daughter of John Bruner, of Montgomery County, in that State, in the meanwhile practicing medicine in conjunction with his father. In 1844 Dr. Jacob Grigg removed to Bucks County, and from thence, in 1849, to Blackwood, in Camden County, New Jersey. On June 18, 1849, the board of censors of the Camden County Medical Society reported that Dr. Grigg had passed a successful examination and had received a license to practice in the State. At the semi-annual meeting of the society, held December 19th of that year, he was elected a member. He was burned out in 1852 and removed to Pennsylvania, at which time his name was dropped from the roll of the society. Returning in a few months to Camden County, he remained until 1857, when he left this county and settled in the adjoining one of Burlington. His present residence is Mt. Holly.

ROBERT M. SMALLWOOD belonged to an old Gloucester County family. He was the son of John C. and Mary Smallwood, of Woodbury, and was born August 20, 1827. Adopting the profession of medicine, he entered the University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1849. He at once located in Chews Landing and continued in practice there for two years. He joined the Camden County Medical Society June 19, 1849. In the year 1851 he entered the United States Navy, and in 1852 was assigned to duty upon the ship "Levant" and sailed for the Mediterranean. While upon this cruise his health failed him, and returning home, he died of phthisis, February 8, 1856. He married Mrs. Mary A.F. Gest in 1850, and had four children.

JOHN I. JESSUP. - At a meeting of the Camden County Medical Society held at Camden, June 19, 1849, the society adjourned for a few hours to give the "board of censors an opportunity to examine candidates for a license to practice medicine in the State." At half-past two o’clock Dr. Isaac S. Mulford, president of the board, reported that after a satisfactory examination they had granted licenses to "Dr. Theodore H. Varick, of Hudson County; Dr. John I. Jessup, of Atlantic County; and Dr. John W. Snowden, of Camden County." At the semi-annual meeting, held on December 18th, of this year, Dr. Jessup was elected a member of the society. He was a grandson of Josiah Albertson, who kept the old hotel in Blue Anchor from 1812 until the Camden and Atlantic Railroad was built, in 1852.

Dr. Jessup graduated at the Jefferson Medical College in 1848, and seems to have practiced for a short time in Camden County. Soon after joining its society he removed to Somers Point, in Atlantic County. In 1852 he became prostrated by phthisis, which caused him to return to Blue Anchor, where he soon afterwards died.(6*)

SYLVESTER BIRDSELL’S parentage was of Pennsylvania origin. His father, James Birdsell, married Mary Pyle, both of Chester County, in that State. Their son

Sylvester was, however, born in Baltimore, Md., August 21, 1824. He was of a studious turn of mind, and taught school while attending medical lectures at the Jefferson Medical College, from which he graduated in 1848. Dr. Birdsell commenced the practice of medicine at Point Pleasant, Bucks County, Pa. In 1850 he moved to what was then known as South Camden, N.J., where he opened a drug store and began practicing medicine. In the same year he joined the County Medical Society, becoming its president in 1858. He was one of the organizers of the city society. His knowledge and ability secured for him a professorship in the "Woman’s Medical College" of Philadelphia, a position he held for some time. Dr. Birdsell married Jane B. Laird, whose death preceded by several years his own, which occurred May 29, 1883. He was buried in Evergreen Cemetery. He left two daughters and one son, Rudolph W. Birdsell, who for a long time has been connected with the Camden Fire Insurance Association.

WILLIAM G. THOMAS was born in Philadelphia, January 16, 1826. He was the son of Stephen and Sallie Thomas. He commenced the study of medicine in Columbia, Lancaster County, Pa., under Dr. Filbert, of that place, and attended medical lectures at the Pennsylvania Medical College, in Philadelphia, from which he graduated in 1854. Although the law did not then require it, he passed an examination before the board of censors of the New Jersey State Medical Society, at Trenton, on May 14, 1854, and then began the practice of medicine in Camden. He became a member of the Camden County Medical Society in 1857. He had joined the city society upon his location in Camden and had taken an active interest in its proceedings. Dr. Thomas died of dysentery August 17, 1858. He had a hard struggle during his short professional career in Camden and after his death the city society paid his funeral expenses. He married, February 7,1854, Margaret Cramsie, of Philadelphia, and left one child.

The three following physicians all practiced in Blackwood, but none of them were ever connected with cither the Camden County or City Medical Societies. Dr. WILLIAM HOLMES located there between 1845 and 1847. Although he is said to have graduated at the University of Pennsylvania, his name is not in the list of graduates of that institution. He removed to Greenwich, N.J.

Dr. F. RIDGELEY GRAHAM was a physician in the same town between 1850 and 1858. He was a native of Chillicothe, O., where he began the study of medicine, completing his education at the Jefferson Medical College, from which he graduated in 1850. He removed to Chester, Pa. The third one was Dr. ALEXANDER J. McKELWAY, son of Dr. John McKelway, of Trenton, N.J., who was born in Scotland December 6, 1813. He graduated at the Jefferson Medical College in 1834. Between the years 1858 and 1861 he pursued his profession in Blackwood. On September 14th of the latter year he entered the volunteer service as surgeon of the Eighth New Jersey Regiment and continued with it until April 7, 1864, when he resigned. He died at Williamstown, Gloucester County, N.J., November 8, 1885.

Within the same decade Dr. JESSE S. ZANE SELLERS, son of Jesse and Rebecca Sellers, of Philadelphia, opened an office in Camden. He had received his medical education at the University of Pennsylvania, from which institution he graduated in 1852. He became a member of the Camden City Medical Society in September, 1854, and faithfully served through the cholera epidemic of that autumn. Soon afterward he removed to Minnesota and engaged in mining. He lived only a few years after his removal to the West.

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE JENNINGS was twenty-eight years a member of the Camden County Medical Society and was its president in 1861. He died of phthisis at Haddonfield, April 17, 1885. The doctor was the son of Stacy and Sarah Jennings, and was born at Manahawkin, N.J., April 22, 1831. He was educated at the Woodstoek Academy, Connecticut, and then entered the office of Dr. Budd, of Medford, N.J., to pursue the study of medicine, and graduated at the Jefferson Medical College, of Philadelphia, in 1856. He immediately entered upon the practice of medicine in Haddonfield, where he soon gained the confidence of the community by his professional attainments and his excellent social qualities. He was possessed of a singularly genial nature, which overflowed in kindness to all and gained for him the universal good will of the community in which he lived and practiced for nearly thirty years, and attained for him one of the largest practices ever secured by a physician in West Jersey.

He married Mary, daughter of Joshua P. and Amelia Browning, of Haddonfield, who survives him with a family of seven children. He was a consistent member of the Protestant Episcopal Church.

HENRY ACKLEY virtually belonged to Camden, although born in Philadelphia, January 29, 1837. His grandfather, Thomas Ackley, as early as 1800, kept the old store at the foot of Federal Street, which was demolished a few years ago. His mother, nee Barclay, the widow of Lieutenant-Commander McCauley, United States Navy, married Thomas Ackley, cashier of the State Bank at Camden. Dr. Ackley received a liberal education, and studied medicine with Professors E. Wallace and William Keating, of Philadelphia, and graduated at the Jefferson Medical College in 1858. He began practice in Camden and joined the county and city societies, and was secretary of the former in 1859 and 1860. At the commencement of the Civil War he entered the United States Navy, as surgeon, on July 20, 1861, and was assigned to duty in the Philadelphia Navy-Yard. Towards the close of the year he was ordered to the United States ship "Wissahickon," of the East Gulf Blockading Squadron, and served under Admiral Porter in the capture of New Orleans and in the campaign against Vicksburg. In 1863 he was transferred to the flag-ship "San Jacinto," and was acting surgeon-in-chief of the squadron. While on this vessel he was attacked with yellow fever, which so impaired his naturally feeble constitution that be was ordered to the United States receiving ship "Vermont," at New York, in 1864. He died in Camden, of phthisis, December 1, 1865. The year previous he married Sallie, daughter of Hon. Richard Wilkins, of Camden. He left one son, who died in infancy.

WILLIAM S. BISHOP, surgeon of the United States Navy, an honorary member of the Camden County Medical Society, died December 28, 1868. Dr. Bishop was connected with the navy from an early period of his professional life. He had seen service in most parts of the globe. Several years ago, while on duty with the squadron on the coast of Africa, he suffered from a severe attack of coast fever, from the effects of which he never entirely recovered. He was pronounced by a medical commission unfit for further sea service, but was employed on shore duty at the various naval stations. At the breaking out of the Rebellion Dr. Bishop was on duty at the navy-yard at Pensacola, Fla., where, in common with the other naval officers, he was obliged to give his parole not to engage in service against the Confederacy before he was permitted to return North. When not employed in service, he resided in Camden for a number of years previous to his death. Shortly after his return to the latter place he was ordered to the navy-yard at Mare Island, in California, where he remained during the whole period of the war. He came home much impaired in health, but was employed again on naval medical commissions of great responsibility; he was finally ordered to the United States Naval Asylum, at Philadelphia, as chief surgeon, at which post be died on December 28, 1868, of a complication of diseases, ending in general dropsy.(7*) Dr. Bishop was a member of the Camden City Society as well as the County Society.

THOMAS J. SMITH became a member of the Camden County Medical Society on June 18, 1867. He was born in Salem, N.J., April 21, 1841, and is the son of Peter and Elizabeth Smith. He was educated at Williams College, Massachusetts, graduating in 1862. He attended medical lectures in the University of Pennsylvania, and received his degree of M.D. in March, 1866. He began the practice of medicine in Camden. He joined the Camden City Medical Society in March, 1867, and became its secretary the same year, continuing in office until his removal to Bridgeton, early in the year 1868. Dr. Smith is a member of the New Jersey State Medical Society and is chairman of its standing committee. He married, March 28, 1871, Mary L., daughter of Rev. Elisha V. and Matilda B. Glover, of Haddonfield. Dr. Smith is a prominent practitioner in Bridgeton.

JOSEPH W. McCULLOUGH fell a victim to the severest epidemic of typhus fever that ever attacked the almshouse in Blackwood, Camden County, literally dying at his post of duty, of that disease, March 15, 1881, after a service of nine years as attending physician at that institution. He was the son of Andrew and Eunice McCullough, and was born in Wilmington, Del., August 12, 1837. He studied medicine with Dr. Chandler, of that city, and graduated at the Jefferson Medical College in 1860. When the Civil War broke out, in 1861, he was one of the first to offer his services to the government, and was appointed surgeon of the First Delaware Regiment. After the close of the war he joined the regular army, and was sent to New Orleans, and thence to Alabama. In consequence of impaired health he resigned, and in 1866 located as a practitioner of medicine at Blackwood. In 1880 he and Dr. Brannin, his co-laborer, were appointed physicians to the County insane Asylum. Dr. McCullough joined the Camden County Medical Society in 1871. He married, March 9, 1876, Sarah E., only daughter of Richard C. Stevenson, of Blackwood. His widow and two children survive him.

CHARLES P. CLARKE practiced medicine for over forty years in Gloucester County. He retired in 1868 and moved to Camden, becoming an honorary member of the City Society in 1869 and continuing his connection with it until his death, in 1875. He was born near Paulsboro’, Gloucester County, N.J., August 12, 1800. He was educated at Woodbury and at Burlington, and then entered the counting-room of Mr. Hollingshead, in Philadelphia. In the year 1820, being in poor health, he went as supercargo to the West Indies: returning, he commenced the study of medicine and graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1823. In connection with his cousin, Dr. John Y. Clarke, of Philadelphia, he opened a drug store at the corner of Fifth and Race Streets, in that city. This he soon abandoned, and then began the practice of medicine in Clarksboro’, Gloucester County, N.J., thence he went to Paulsboro’, and in 1835 to Woodbury, in the same county, where he lived for thirty-two years and attended to the largest practice in that section of the county. Dr. Clarke accumulated a considerable fortune. One of his daughters, Eva C., married Dr. Randall W. Morgan. His son, Dr. Henry C. Clarke, succeeded to his father’s practice and is one of the leading physicians in Gloucester County.

RANDAL W. MORGAN was born near Blackwoodtown, Camden County, June 5, 1848, and was a son of Randal E. and Mary (Willard) Morgan. He attended the West Jersey Academy, at Bridgeton, and later the University of Lewisburgh, Pa. In 1864 he was appointed midshipman at the Naval Academy at Annapolis, which position he was obliged to resign because of an attack of typhoid fever, from which he never fully recovered. Shortly afterward he commenced his medical studies under Dr. Brannin, of Blackwoodtown, continuing them at the University of Pennsylvania, and graduating from that institution in 1870. Two years later he took the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. In 1877 he was elected county physician, an office he held for five years. During the small-pox epidemic, in 1872, he had charge of the small-pox hospital, and labored unselfishly among the victims of that disease. In 1881, much broken in health, he sailed for Europe, and was much benefited by his sojourn there; but upon returning to practice soon succumbed again to ill health, and in August, 1883, was obliged to relinquish the duties of his profession. He sailed again for Europe in 1884, intending, while there, to visit some of the hospitals in the cholera-infested portions of France and Italy, but, owing to aggravation of his maladies, abandoned the project, and sailing for home, died when three days out from Liverpool, October 20, 1884.

Dr. Morgan was a very active man, diligent in the practice of his profession, studious and quite successful. Speaking of his skillful management of the small-pox hospital, heretofore alluded to, Dr. R.M. Cooper, in his report to the New Jersey State Medical Society, said: "We have obtained (from Dr. Morgan) some valuable statistics in regard to the disease and its mode of treatment; and it is but just to him to state that the ratio of mortality of the cases under his care compare very favorably with other small-pox hospitals."

He carried on for several years a drugstore, and was a member of both the Camden County and Camden City Medical Societies.

He was married January 15, 1876, to Eva, daughter of Dr. Charles F. Clarke, late of Camden, who survives him.

JAME A. ARMSTRONG was born in Philadelphia, June 12, 1835, and was the son of James and Mary Armstrong. He was educated in the public schools, and graduated from the Philadelphia High School. He engaged in the drug business and obtained a diploma from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy in 1855, and then purchased a drug store at the corner of Fourth and Thompson Streets, in his native city. Subsequently he studied medicine, graduating from the University of Pennsylvania in 1861. In September of the latter year Dr. Armstrong was appointed assistant surgeon in a Pennsylvania regiment, and was assigned to the Army of the Potomac, in Virginia. After three years of military duty in the field he returned home, and was attached to the Satterlee Hospital until the close of the war.

He then removed to Camden, and purchased a drug store on Federal Street, above Third, which he afterwards moved to Market, above the same street. In a few years he relinquished the drug business, began the practice of medicine and joined the Camden County Medical Society in 1876. He was surgical examiner for pensions in Camden since the close of the war, and when the United States Board of Pensions was established in that city, in 1884, he was appointed one of its three members. In 1871 he was coroner of Camden City. Dr. Armstrong was an elder in the Presbyterian Church. He died of apoplexy on October 30, 1885, leaving a widow and three daughters.

J. NEWTON ACHUFF was a native of Germantown, Pa. He commenced his medical education with Dr. Lemuel J. Deal, of Philadelphia, and completed it at the Jefferson Medical College, graduating in 1867. He at once commenced the practice of his profession in South Camden, and in the same year (1867) joined both the Camden City and County Societies. He was at once appointed a visiting physician of the Camden City Dispensary. In the year 1869 he left Camden and entered the service of the government as a contract surgeon, and was assigned to duty in Alaska, and subsequently in California, in which State he died about 1872.

JAMES H. WROTH is the son of the late James W. Wroth, of Camden, whose widow and her family have removed from the city. Dr. Wroth obtained his medical education at the University of Pennsylvania, where he graduated in 1878. He commenced the practice of medicine in Camden, and in 1879 attached himself to both the Camden City and County Societies. While an interne of the Camden City Dispensary the smallpox epidemic of 1880 occurred in that city, during which Dr. Wroth distinguished himself by his attendance upon the sick (poor) with that disease. He is now a resident of New Mexico.

ISAAC B. MULFORD belonged to an old and influential family in South Jersey. He was born in Millville, N.J., in 1843. He was educated at the West Jersey Academy, at Bridgeton, at Monticello Seminary, New York, and at Princeton College, from which he graduated with honor in the class of 1865. He studied medicine with Dr. William Hunt, of Philadelphia, and attended lectures at the University of Pennsylvania. His studies being interrupted by severe illness, he could not receive his degree of Doctor of Medicine until 1871. He began the practice of medicine in Camden, and became a member of both the Camden County and Camden City Medical Societies, and was elected treasurer of the former in 1874, and president in 1881. For several years prior to his death he was surgeon of the Sixth Regiment National Guards of New Jersey. He was also physician of the West Jersey Orphanage, a member of the New Jersey Sanitary Association and the Camden Microscopical Society.(8*) Dr. Mulford and the Rev. Joseph F. Garrison, honorary member of the Camden County Society, were the only resident physicians in the county who were ever graduates of the College of New Jersey. Dr. Mulford died in Camden, November 21, 1882. He left a fine library of medical works to the Camden City Dispensary.

WILLIAM G. TAYLOR, a former member of the Camden City Medical Society, was the son of Dr. R.G. and Eleonora Taylor, of Camden. He was born in Philadelphia, July 20, 1851, and was educated in the public schools in Camden. At the age of seventeen he entered the drug-store of Joseph Riley and attended two courses of lectures at the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. He then commenced the study of medicine and graduated at the Jefferson Medical College in 1873. For a short time he was one of the visiting physicians for the Dispensary, but he had been preparing for the work of a missionary under the auspices of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. On June 11, 1873, he sailed from New York for Africa. His station was Gaboon, on the west coast, and his duty was to visit monthly, or oftener if called upon, the stations between it and Benita, a point one hundred miles north. The mode of travelling was by sea in an open boat, five and one-half feet wide by twenty-six feet long. This exposed life and repeated attacks of African fever broke down his health, and after two years’ labor there he returned home, and died April 8, 1877. He was buried in Evergreen Cemetery.

JOHN W. SNOWDEN is the oldest living member of the Camden County, Medical Society in continuous attendance, having joined it in 1849. He is a native of Philadelphia, and graduated in the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania in April, 1844. His health being precarious, he selected the "Pines" of New Jersey as his field of practice, and located near Waterford, in Camden County, in May, 1846. He was one of the few physicians who passed an examination before the board of censors of the Camden County Medical Society for a license to practice medicine in New Jersey. In 1855 he was elected president of this society, and in the year 1878 he was appointed to be its reporter and chairman of its most important committee, the "Standing Committee," a position he still holds. He is a member of the New Jersey State Medical Society, and was its president in 1882-83. His residence was at Ancora, between Waterford and Winslow, until 1884, when he removed to Hammonton, a rapidly-growing town, six miles distant, and just beyond the boundary line between Camden and Atlantic Counties. During a practice of forty years he has seen his section of the State emerge from a wilderness into a series of towns, containing an intelligent, thrifty and progressive people.

JAMES M. RIDGE, now one of the leading physicians and surgeons of West Jersey, is a son of Moses and Sarah (McFarland) Ridge, and was born in Tinicum township, Bucks County, Pa., October 6, 1826. His father was an intelligent and prosperous farmer, under whose watchful care as an instructor the rudimentary education of the son was obtained. The grandmother of Dr. Ridge, on his father’s side, was a daughter of Edward Marshall, a lineal descendant of a family prominent in the annals of Pennsylvania. His father died in the year 1860, and his mother several years earlier. In 1847, after receiving a preparatory intellectual training at home and in the schools of his native township, he entered a boarding-school taught by Solomon Wright, at Bridgeton, Pa., and in 1849 Dr. Ridge became the teacher of the school. In the fall of the same year he determined to take up the study of medicine, and thereupon entered the office of Dr. William S. Hendrie, of Doylestown, Pa., as a student, and remained in this relation until his graduation from the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, April 2, 1852. Upon receiving his degree and diploma he began the practice of medicine in his native township, continuing there until the year 1856, when he removed to Camden, in which city he has gained an enviable reputation as a surgeon, and a successful practitioner of medicine. He is well versed in the science and literature of his chosen profession. Dr. Ridge has been prominently identified with various medical societies, and has always taken an active part in the discussions of topics at their deliberations. In 1876 he represented the First Congressional District of New Jersey in the International Medical Congress, which met in Philadelphia, and took an active part in its discussions. He was a member of the Bucks County Medical Society, the Pathological Society of Philadelphia and the Camden County Medical Society, and has served as president of the last-named society at various times. As a member of the State Board of Health he served two years, and then resigned in order to give more direct attention to his practice at home.

In politics Dr. Ridge was a Whig during the days of that party, and since has been identified with the Democratic party. He served as a member of the City School Board for a period of sixteen years, in which position he always showed an active interest in the cause of education. Since 1885 he has served as president of the County Board of Examining Surgeons for Pensions. The doctor is a constant reader, not only of works pertaining to his own profession, but of general literature. He has devoted much of his leisure time to the study of the classics and the most abstruse questions of philosophy and the physical sciences.

In 1850 Dr. Ridge was married to Sarah, daughter of William B. Warford, by whom he has had three children. Josephine, the eldest, is married to A.G. Wilson, of Brooklyn, N.Y., and son of a British officer of rank. They have one child, William. Moses M. Ridge, the only son of the doctor, resides in Chester County, Pa. He is married to Rebecca Chew, of New Jersey, and has two children, - Lucretia and Edna. William Ridge, the youngest son, died at the age of three years.

DANIEL M. STOUT was born in Germantown, Pa., November 4, 1826; studied medicine under the instruction of Dr. Charles D. Hendry; in 1844 he matriculated at Jefferson Medical College, from which he obtained the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1847, after which he began practice at Berlin and in its vicinity, and still continues, being the oldest practitioner in that region.

RICHARD CRANE DEAN was born at Harrisburg, Pa., May 26, 1836. His father, Dr. Alexander T. Dean, was a leading physician in that town. Dr. R.C. Dean received his education in the preparatory schools of his native place and then entered Yale College, from which institution he graduated and received his degree of A.M. He then attended lectures at the Jefferson Medical College and received from it his diploma in 1854. He located in Camden and practiced his profession until 1856, when he entered the United States Navy as assistant surgeon. He had joined both the Camden County and City Medical Societies and was secretary of the former in 1855. After his appointment as a naval surgeon he was made an honorary member of them.

Dr. Dean was rapidly promoted in the medical corps of the navy. Six years after his entrance into it he was appointed past assistant surgeon, and in 1862 he was commissioned surgeon. He served during the Civil War as surgeon and fleet surgeon of the Atlantic and other squadrons of the navy. In 1883 he was made a medical director, a position he now holds. He is at present on duty at the Naval College at Newport, R.I., as professor of hygiene, and is also a member of the Naval Examining Board at Washington, D.C. In 1856 he married Anna, daughter of Dr. Isaac S. Mulford, of Camden.

HENRY E. BRANIN was born January 8, 1836, and obtained his general education at the West Jersey Collegiate School at Mount Holly, N.J., and at the New York Conference Seminary, located at Charlottesville, N.Y. He read medicine with Dr. A.E. Budd, of Medford, N.J., commencing in 1855, and graduated from the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in the year 1858. He began practice in the spring of that year at Blackwood and has remained there ever since.

Dr. Branin became a member of the Camden County and the New Jersey State Medical Societies in 1860 and was elected president of the former in 1862. In the year 1879 he was appointed attending physician in charge of the Camden County Insane Asylum and Almshouse, a position he still retains. In 1881 a severe epidemic of typhus fever broke out in the Almshouse, during the continuance of which Dr. Branin displayed so much courage, intrepidity and

professional skill, that the Camden County Medical Society passed a series of resolutions of approval of his services, which were handsomely engrossed and presented to him.

HENRY GENET TAYLOR was born July 6, 1837, at Charmanto, Rensselaer County, near Troy, N.Y., at the residence of his uncle, General Henry James Genet, the eldest son of "Citizen Genet," the first ambassador of France to the United States, and who married the daughter of Governor George Clinton, of New York. The biography of Dr. H. Genet Taylor’s father, Dr. Othniel H. Taylor, has been given previously. His mother, Evelina C. Burrough, belonged to an old Gloucester (now Camden) County family, whose ancestors came from England to Long Island and from thence to West Jersey as early as 1693. After her husband, Dr. O.H. Taylor, had located in Camden, in 1844, Mrs. Taylor, by her polished manners, refined hospitality and Christian virtues, contributed much to favorably mould for good the character of the cosmopolitan population that were rapidly developing the town into a city.

Dr. Taylor, after attending preliminary schools, completed his education at the Protestant Episcopal Academy in Philadelphia, and commenced the study of medicine under his father. He attended medical lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, from which institution he graduated in 1860. He joined the Camden County Medical Society in the same year and in 1861 he was elected its secretary, an office he still continues to hold, temporarily vacating it in 1865 to become president of the society.

Upon the outbreak of the Civil War he joined the army and was commissioned September 14, 1861, assistant surgeon of the Eighth Regiment of New Jersey Volunteers, which was assigned to the Army of the Potomac. During the Peninsular campaign he was the only medical officer in his regiment on field duty. After the battle of Second Bull Run he remained for ten days within the Confederate lines and brought his wounded safely into Washington. Subsequent to the battle of Antietam he was detailed to the artillery brigade of the Third Corps and held the position of brigade-surgeon of the artillery on the staffs respectively of Major-Generals Hooker, French and Sickles, and continued to fill this position until March 15, 1864, when he resigned in consequence of the serious illness of his father. While in the army he was present at and rendered professional services in twenty-five battles and minor engagements.

Upon his return home, Dr. Taylor resumed the practice of medicine in Camden. The first draft in Camden under the Conscription Act was ordered in June, 1864, and Dr. Taylor was appointed assistant surgeon, of the Board of Enrollment of the First Congressional District of New Jersey, to assist in examining recruits and drafted men for the army. This office he held until the close of the war, in 1865.

When the National Guard of New Jersey was organized, the headquarters of the Sixth Regiment was assigned to Camden, and in the year 1869, Dr. Taylor was commissioned surgeon of that regiment, a position he filled until June, 1882, when he resigned. In the year 1877 occurred the riots caused by the strike of the railroad employes, when part of the National Guard of New Jersey were ordered to Phillipsburg, N.J., to protect the property there; Dr. Taylor was then appointed surgeon of the Provisional Brigade, upon the staff of Major-General William J. Sewell, commanding the brigade.

Dr. Taylor is a member of the Camden County and City Medical Societies. He was one of the corporators of the Camden City Dispensary and has been its secretary since 1874. He is a member of the New Jersey State Medical Society and is its second vice-president. He is also a member of the American Medical Association, Pennsylvania Historical Society, New Jersey Sanitary Society and New Jersey Academy of Medicine. He was president of the Board of Pension Examining Surgeons, established in Camden in 1884, and continued so until a change in administration caused its reorganization. He is physician-in-chief of the Camden Home for Friendless Children. Dr. Taylor married, on October 23, 1879, Helen, daughter of Alexander and Hannah C. Cooper, of Haddonfield, and granddaughter of the late Captain James B. Cooper, United States Navy.

J. GILBERT YOUNG, son of the late Rev. Robert F. Young, of Haddonfield, was born at Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia County, Pa., June 21, 1840. He as educated principally in the schools of his native city, graduating both at the Central High School and the University of Pennsylvania. In the former institution he was at the head of his class. He practiced medicine first at South Camden, then at Gloucester City, and subsequently at Haddonfield, where his family resided. In 1866 he moved to Philadelphia, where he has since resided and practiced. The doctor became a member of the Camden County Medical and New Jersey State Medical Societies in 1863, and still retains an honorary membership therein. He is also a member of the Philadelphia County Medical Society and of the American Academy of Medicine.

ALEXANDER MARCY was born at Cape May, N.J., April 16, 1838; studied medicine in 1858 with his father, Dr. S.S. Marcy, and entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated in March, 1861. He at once began to practice in Camden, where he has since continued in his profession with great success. Of the physicians in Camden in 1861, he and Dr. Ridge are the only ones now practicing in the city.

president in 1866. He is also a member of the Camden City and State Medical Societies. He was one of the corporators of the City Dispensary and at present is president of its board of managers.

ALEXANDER M. MECRAY as born at Cape May, N.J., October 3, 1839. He studied medicine with Dr. Alexander Marcy, of Camden, and in 1861 entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated in March, 1863. He began practice in Cape May Court-House, and in 1865 removed to Camden, where he has since continuously practiced his profession. He first located in South Camden, but in a few years removed to his present residence in North Camden. In 1867 he became a member of the Camden County Medical Society, having previously joined the City Medical Society, and was elected president of the former in 1869 and its treasurer in 1883, a position he still holds. He is also a member of the State Medical Society.

JOHN R. STEVENSON. - Cotemporery with the arrival in West Jersey of the early emigrants from Europe, there was a migration of Friends of English descent from Long Island to the former. Among these settlers were the Stevensons, whose ancestor, Thomas Stevenson, of London, England, had settled at Southold, L.I., as early as 1644. His grandchildren for the most part removed to West Jersey, the first one locating at Burlington in 1699. They became large landowners, both in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The unique circumstance that three of the grandsons, brothers, married three sisters, only children of Samuel Jenings, a man of distinction, and the first Governor of West Jersey, together with the fact that some of them became active in public affairs, one of them being a member of the first General Assembly, has identified the name with the early history of the State.

The connection of Dr. Stevenson’s family with the history of Camden County began with his grandfather, Thomas Stevenson, who was born September 6, 1765, at Amwell, Hunterdon County, whose paternal grandfather had lived on the Jenings homestead, near Burlington (still in possession of the Stevensons); but, inheriting property in Hunterdon County, had removed to Amwell.

About 1790 Thomas Stevenson moved to Haddonfield, and some years subsequently purchased the farm and flour-mill property, between Haddonfield and Ellisburg, known as "Stevenson’s Mill," recently purchased by the Haddonfield Electric Light and Water Company from which to supply Haddonfield with pure spring water. In 1795 Thomas Stevenson married Rebecca, daughter of Captain Joseph Thorne, who resided in Haddonfield, and had commanded the Second Battalion of Gloucester County Volunteers (Camden and Gloucester were then one) in the Army of the Revolution. Thomas Stevenson died at "Stevenson’s Mill" December 2, 1852.

Samuel Stevenson, second son of Thomas, born April 20, 1803, married, May 16, 1833, Anna, daughter of John Rudderow, of what is now the borough of Merchantville. The latter gentleman was not of full military age at the time of the Revolution, but he served in the home guards, organized to protect the county from the incursions of the British during their occupation of Philadelphia. Samuel Stevenson died at his residence in Haddonfield July 23, 1835, leaving two sons, one the subject of this sketch, and the other Thomas Stevenson, born May 12, 1835, who, on the outbreak of the Civil War, was a resident of Camden, and engaged in the wholesale drug business in Philadelphia. Relinquishing his business, he entered the army as second lieutenant in the Eighth New Jersey Regiment. He served in the Army

of the Potomac through the Peninsular campaign, and was engaged in the battles of Fredericksburg and Second Bull Run. He rose to the rank of captain, but was killed at the battle of Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863, and was buried on the field of battle.

Dr. John R. Stevenson was born February 12, 1834. He and his brother Thomas were educated in Philadelphia, graduating from the High School. Both of them received from it the two degrees of Bachelor and "Master of Arts." John B. Stevenson, selecting the profession of medicine, entered the office of Dr. O.H. Taylor, of Camden, as a student, and graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in March, 1863. He immediately commenced the practice of medicine in Camden.

Upon the passage of the "Conscription Act" by Congress, he was appointed by President Lincoln, May 2, 1863, surgeon of the Board of Enrollment of the First Congressional District of New Jersey, then embracing the six counties of Camden, Atlantic, Gloucester, Salem, Cumberland and Cape May. This office he held until the close of the war, in 1865. Dr. Stevenson, while a practitioner in Camden, was a member of the Camden City Medical Society and was its secretary for two years, until his removal from the city, in 1867. He was one of the corporators of the Camden City Dispensary and was its first secretary. In 1866 he as chairman of the Medical Sanitary Committee, which successfully resisted the last invasion of cholera into Camden. Subsequently, in consequence of impaired health, he removed to Haddonfield, his present residence.

Dr. Stevenson is a member of the Camden County Medical Society, New Jersey State Medical Society, New Jersey Historical Society and is a correspondent of the New York Genealogical and Biographical Society. He is a contributor to the publications of these societies, to the press and to some of the medical journals. He married Frances Stratton, daughter of Hon. Charles Reeves, who represented Camden and Gloucester Counties for nine years in the New Jersey Legislature.

J. ORLANDO WHITE was born in Atlantic County, N.J., May 4, 1847; studied medicine with Dr. Richard M. Cooper, of Camden, in 1864, and as the only student the doctor ever received in his office; the next year he entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, from which he graduated in March, 1868, since which time he has engaged in his profession in Camden.

Dr. White joined the Camden County Medical Society in 1870, and was elected its president in the same year. He is also a member of the State Medical Society and of the Camden City Society. He was one of the visiting physicians for the City Dispensary during the earlier years of his practice in Camden.

HENRY A.M. SMITH was born in Doylestown, Pa., July 30, 1839, and received his academic education at private schools in his native county. He began the study of medicine with Dr. A.N. Cooper, of Bucks County, Pa., and graduated at the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in March, 1864.

Dr. Smith as in the United States service for thirteen months, as acting assistant surgeon, connected with hospital duty, and in 1865 removed to Gloucester, where he has since been actively engaged in practice. He a member of the District Medical Society of the county of Camden.

He as sent to school at Bath, Northampton County, and then to the Tuscarora Seminary, at Academia, Juniata County, leaving which, at seventeen years of age, he studied medicine with Dr. S. Rosenberger, of Frenchtown, N.J., and entered Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, attending one course, when he entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, graduating in March, 1861. He practiced at Ervenna, Pa., until 1870, when he came to Camden. Dr. Haney has served as president of the Camden County Medical Society.

DILWYN P. PANCOAST was born at Mullica Hill, N.J., March 11, 1836. He pursued his medical studies under Dr. Alfred Smith, of Yardleyville, one year, and entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated in March, 1859, having graduated in pharmacy the year previous. He began his practice at Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, and, in 1863, entered into army service, from which he retired in December, 1865; practiced in Philadelphia until 1869, when he moved to Camden, and now practices his profession and also owns a drug-store.

WILSON H. IRELAND was born in Atlantic County July 27, 1845; studied medicine with Dr. E.B. Richmond, of Millville, in 1863, and in 1864 became a student in the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania and was graduated in 1867, after which he practiced in Millville and Dividing Creek, and in the fall of 1870 moved to Camden.

He became connected with the Camden County and City Medical Societies in the same year, and at present he is president of the former. He is also a member of the State Medical Society.

EDWIN TOMLINSON was born in Haddonfield, Camden County, N.J., on the 13th of March, 1840. In 1858 he entered a drugstore in Wilmington, Del., as clerk, and, in 1861, accepted the same position in the store of H.C. Blair, of Philadelphia, graduating at the School of Pharmacy in 1863. After a brief interval in the West, he, in 1866, came to Gloucester and engaged in the drug business. He entered Jefferson Medical College in 1870, and received his diploma from that institution in 1872. He is a member of the District Medical Society of the County of Camden, and has filled the office of president of that body.

CHARLES HENDRY SHIVERS was born in Haddonfield April 5, 1848. He was educated at the classical school of Professor William Fewsmith, in Philadelphia, and at the University of Lewisburgh, Pa. He was a student of medicine, under the instruction of Dr. N.B. Jennings and Dr. L.J. Deal. In 1809 he entered Jefferson Medical College, from which he was graduated M.D. in March, 1872, and at once began to practice in Haddonfield. In the succeeding year he joined the Camden Medical Society, and was elected its president in 1880. He is also a member of the New Jersey State Medical Society. Dr. Shivers is an occasional writer for the papers and magazines, some of his poems having been published in them. He has an extensive practice in his section of country.

ELIJAH B. WOOLSTON belongs to an old Burlington County family. He is the son of Dr. Samuel and Ann Read Woolston, and was born at Vincentown, N.J., August 20, 1833. His mother was a daughter of Samuel and Sylpha (Arnold) Read, and her mother was a sister of the late David Landreth’s (David Landreth, of Philadelphia) mother. The doctor was educated at the academy in Pottsville, Pa., studied medicine with his father, and graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in 1854, from which institution the latter had received his medical degree in 1827. After he had assisted his father in his practice for two years in his native place, he moved to Iowa and settled just across the river from Omaha, Neb., and was appointed by Governor Cummings, of the latter Territory, surgeon of a brigade of militia enlisted for service against the Indians. In 1859 he located at Marlton, New Jersey, and resumed his practice there. On November 14, 1860, he was commissioned by Governor Olden surgeon of the "First Division Brigade" of New Jersey militia. When the call for three months’ troops was made by the President, in 1861, he accompanied the First Brigade, as surgeon of the Fourth Regiment, to Virginia, and remained with it until the expiration of its term of service. In 1862 he passed an examination before the Special United States Medical Examining Board in Philadelphia, and was assigned to the United States Hospital, in Beverly, N.J. Soon afterwards he was promoted to be its post-surgeon, a position he retained until theclose of the war.

He performed there successfully many difficult operations in surgery, which won for him recognition as an unusually skillful man in his profession. That the patients under his care were deeply grateful to him for his attention and appreciated his many kindnesses, as well as his professional ability, was attested by their presenting him with a very handsome case of instruments, which he highly prizes.

In 1875 he removed to Delaware township, Camden County, and in the same year joined its medical society, becoming its president in 1885.

The doctor’s activity is by no means confined to his profession. He has taken a great interest in the public schools, held the office of township superintendent for many years and since its abolishment has been a trustee of the Marlton public schools. In accordance with that public spirit which has ever characterized him, he was one of the originators and incorporators of the Philadelphia, Marlton and Medford Railroad Company.

Dr. Woolston was united in marriage, January 14, 1869, with Miss Rachael Inskeep Haines, daughter of Joshua S. and Elizabeth Haines, a graduate of the Lewisburgh (Pa.) Seminary. Two children were the offspring of this union, viz.: Mary E., who graduated in 1886 from the Abbotsford Seminary, Philadelphia, Pa., and J. Preston Woolston.

EDMUND L.B. GODFREY was born at Tuckahoe, Cape May County, N.J., February 21, 1850, and was a son of Judge H.W. Godfrey. He took the degree of Ph. B. at the New Jersey Institute (Hightstown) in 1872. Shortly afterwards he began to read medicine with Dr. E.L.B. Wales, of Cape May, and graduated as an M.D. from Jefferson Medical College in 1875. He served as house physician and house surgeon at the Presbyterian Hospital, Philadelphia, and at the Rhode Island Hospital, at Providence. In 1876 he began the practice of his profession in Camden and has followed it uninterruptedly since. He is surgeon of the Camden and Atlantic Railroad and of the Sixth Regiment National Guards, a member of the Board of Charities and of the Camden Dispensary Board, vice-president of the New Jersey Sanitary Association, a member of the State Medical Society and of the City and County Medical Societies, also of the American Medical Association and of the international Congress (section of hygiene). He has published a number of valuable articles on the science of medicine, among which is the "Discovery of Vaccination by Dr. Jenner."

THOMAS G. ROWAND was born at Carpenters landing (now Mantua), N.J., April 27, 1829. He began the study of medicine with Professor J. McClintock, and at the same time entered the Philadelphia College of Medicine, from which he graduated July 18, 1850. He practiced in several places until 1852, when he located in Camden. In 1862 he was appointed assistant surgeon of the Twenty-fourth Regiment (New Jersey), and served about a year. Upon his return he resumed practice, and, in 1872, opened the drug-store in Camden which he still owns.

ONAN BOWMAN GROSS was born at Ephrata, Lancaster County, Pa., February 19, 1851, and is a lineal descendant, in the fifth generation, of George Gross, who, about 1747, emigrated from Germany to North Carolina. During the Revolution he moved to Pennsylvania and settled at Ephrata, and there founded a family, which has since become prominent and influential in Lancaster County. John Gross, born 1778, in 1803 married Polly Wright, born 1784, daughter of John Wright, who was the only one of the doctor’s ancestors not Germans. He was from Ireland, and, coming to America some time prior to the Revolution (probably about 1760), served through that war as a Continental soldier and came out as colonel. He was the great-grandfather of our subject. Jacob L. Gross, the father of the doctor, born in 1825, and now a resident of Camden, was admitted a member of the Lancaster County bar, practiced the profession of the law for a number of years at Lancaster, and, during the years 1854-55, was a member of the Pennsylvania Legislature, and for a time brigadier-general of the militia of the counties of Lancaster and Chester. He was married, in 1849, to Hannah B. Bowman, of Ephrata, born in 1825, a representative of a prominent family who belong to the German Baptist denomination of Christians, and who are highly honored and respected for their industry and integrity. Daniel Bowman, the pioneer of the family in America, came from Germany in 1738 and settled at Ephrata, Lancaster County, Pa.

Dr. O.B. Gross spent the time of childhood and youth in the vicinity of his birthplace; attended the Ephrata Academy until the age of seventeen years; he was then thrown upon his own resources and was invited to learn the carpenter’s trade. Having completed the term of apprenticeship, he continued his avocation five years as a journeyman, during which time, by strict economy and judicious care, he earned sufficient money to pay the college fees, and, therefore, in 1875, entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, and was graduated from that institution in 1878, after a full three years’ course. His preceptors, during his attendance on the lectures, were Drs. Reynell Coates and Professor Henry C. Chapman. During the years from September, 1876, to March, 1878, he held the position of assistant demonstrator of anatomy in the university, being the only medical student at that time awarded with such an honor. This position gave him excellent advantages, which have been of invaluable service to him in the regular practice of his profession. On March 5, 1878, he received a handsome gold medal, being the H. Lenox Hodge prize, awarded him for skill in dissecting and for anatomical demonstration.

Immediately after completing his medical course at the university, Dr. Gross located in Camden, at 407 Arch Street, where he has since met with excellent success in general practice, and at times devoting special attention to surgery. In 1884, under the Arthur administration, he was appointed a member of the United States Pension Examining Board of Surgeons, and continues in that position under the Cleveland administration. He is a member of the Pathological Society of Philadelphia, of the American Medical Association, of the New Jersey State Medical Society, and of the Camden District Medical Society, and a member of the board of managers of Camden City Dispensary; is examining surgeon for Enterprise Lodge, No. 12, Ancient Order of United Workmen, and during the years 1883 -84 was special district sanitary inspector of the State Board of Health. In 1884 he was elected by the Camden Board of Freeholders county physician for a term of three years.

Dr. Gross was married, in 1877, to Miss Fannie A. Coates, daughter of John and Rebecca Coates, of Camden. They have one living child, Marion, born in 1884, their first-born, - "twin-boys," - and a subsequent child, also a boy, having died as infants.

E.J. SNITCHER was born near Salem, Salem County, N.J., August 1, 1849, and in 1872 -73 -74 studied medicine with Dr. N.S. Davis, of Chicago; during the same time was a student in the Chicago Medical College, from which he was graduated in March, 1874, after which he located in Camden. He joined the Camden County and New Jersey State Medical Societies in 1876.

D.W. BLAKE is a native of Philadelphia. He was educated at the academy of Professor Terrill, in Maryland, and began the study of medicine with Dr. Stuart, of Philadelphia. He graduated at the Jefferson Medical College in March, 1876, and settled at Gloucester in the practice of his profession. He is also engaged in the drug business at this point. The doctor is a member of the District Medical Society of the County of Camden.

WILLIAM A. DAVIS was born in Frederica, Kent County, Delaware, December 7, 1850. He began the study of medicine in 1872 under Dr. John B. Haney, of Camden. After completing his preparatory studies he entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania and was graduated March, 1876, and then began to practice in Camden. He later entered Jefferson Medical College, and was graduated in March, 1882.

DOWLING BENJAMIN is a native of Baltimore, Md., where he was born January 23, 1849. He began the study of pharmacy in Chester, Pa., in 1867, and in 1872, as a medical student, entered the office of Dr. J.H. Jamar, of Port Deposit, Md., and in the spring of 1874 he became a student of Dr. J.M. Ridge, of Camden. In October following he entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, and was graduated with the highest honors March 12, 1877.

In 1876 he was chosen delegate from the Camden Pharmaceutical Society to the American Association, and has represented this county society in State, national and international societies. On August 27, 1879, he was elected a member of the Academy of Natural Sciences. After his graduation, in 1877, he began to practice medicine in Camden. He has also conducted a drug-store for a number of years.

J. FRANCIS WALSH was born of American parents in Florence, Italy, April 22, 1855. He began the study of medicine, in 1872, with Dr. W.W. Keen, of Philadelphia, and at the same time entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, and was graduated in March, 1876. For a year and a half he served in the hospitals and dispensaries of Philadelphia, and in November, 1878, moved to Camden.

SAMUEL B. IRWIN was born at the Pleasant Grove Iron Works, New London township, Chester County, Pa., November 7, 1821. He began the study of medicine, in 1841, with Dr. D. Hayes Agnew. In 1842 he came to Philadelphia and entered Jefferson Medical College, under Professor Joseph Pancoast, from which he was graduated March 2, 1844. He attended the first course of lectures of the Philadelphia Medical Association in 1843. He began practice, in 1849, at the Rising Sun, Montgomery County, Pa., and, in 1866, moved to Burlington County, N.J., where he continued in practice until 1872, when he was placed in charge of the Government Mercantile Marine Service, and served until the spring of 1876. The same year he removed to Camden, where he has since practiced.

WILLIAM H. ISZARD was born in Clayton, Gloucester County, N.J., April 27, 1842. He enlisted in the service of the United States as a medical cadet in 1862, and was stationed at the hospital on Broad Street, Philadelphia. In the fall of 1863 he entered Jefferson Medical College, and after taking two courses of lectures he withdrew on account of ill health. Upon recovering, he continued his studies, and obtained his medical degree in March, 1870, and then began to practice in Elmer, Salem County, N.J. In 1877 he removed to Camden. He is an ex-president of the Gloucester County Medical Society, and is now district sanitary inspector for the State Board of Health.

C.M. SCHELLINGER was born at Cape May November 14, 1848. He studied medicine under the instruction of Dr. Alexander M. Mecray, of Camden, and in 1876 entered Jefferson Medical College, from which he was graduated in March, 1879, since which time he has practiced in Camden. In 1881 he joined the Camden County and City Medical Societies, and also the New Jersey State Medical Society.

HENRY H. DAVIS was born at Crosswicks, N.J., August 16, 1848. He became a student of medicine in the office of Dr. Alexander Mecray in 1867; entered Jefferson Medical College the fall of the same year, and from which he was graduated in March, 1869. He completed a course in pharmacy at the same time, and began the practice of medicine in Camden. In 1874 he opened a drug-store, and has conducted it in connection with his profession. In 1881 he joined the Camden County and City Medical Societies, and also the State Medical Society.

JOHN W. DONGES, druggist, physician and surgeon, of Camden, was born at Stouchsburg, Barks County, Pa., September 18, 1844. His grandfather, Jacob Donges, emigrated from Germany shortly after the Revolutionary War, and settled in Barks County. His father, whose name was also Jacob, was married to Sarah Burkholder, and for many years carried on the shoemaking business in Stouchsburg, employing a number of workmen, and also conducting a shoe-store. The childhood and youth of Doctor Donges were spent in the village where he was born. He first attended a private school, taught by his sisters, and afterwards spent about three years as a student in the Stouchsburg Academy, then taught by Mr. Thomas S. Searle. At the age of fourteen years he secured a position as clerk in a drug-store at Minersville, Schuylkill County, Pa. When seventeen years of age he enlisted in Company H, of the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, in the nine months’ service, and, with his regiment, was assigned to the Army of the Potomac, under General McClellan. His regiment was present at the battle of Antietam only a few weeks after enlistment, but was not drawn actively into the engagement. In the battle of Fredericksburg, in the early part of December, 1862, the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Regiment was brought into the thickest of the fight, and, whilst charging the enemy, Dr. Donges received a dangerous wound by the explosion of a shell, causing a compound fracture of the skull. He was then sent to the hospital for surgical treatment, and, owing to entire disability for further military duty, caused by the wound, was discharged from the service on January 8, 1863. He soon afterward returned to Minersville, where he resumed his former occupation in the drug business. While here he began the study of medicine under Dr. Theodore Helwig, a prominent physician of Minersville. After a year he returned to his home in Stouchsburg, and there continued his studies under Dr. James A. Fisher. In 1864 he entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, and was graduated with the class of 1866. In the following August he began the practice of medicine at Donaldson, Schuylkill County, Pa., and continued it uninterruptedly for nine years, having there acquired a large practice. Ill health, caused by over-work, induced him to think of discontinuing active practice and engage in the drug business. In 1875 he purchased the drug-store, which he has since owned and conducted, at the corner of Broadway and Ferry Avenue, in Camden, where he now has a large and increasing practice.

Dr. Donges is a member of the Schuylkill County Medical Society, the Camden City and County Medical Society, the New Jersey State Medical Society and the American Medical Association.

In 1878 Dr. Donges was elected a member of the City Council from the Eighth Ward, which, at the general elections, is strongly Republican. On this occasion, however, it gave the doctor a handsome majority as the Democratic candidate, and he served six years consecutively as a member of Council, and was president of that body during the year 1883. During the year 1879, when the small-pox prevailed to an alarming extent in Camden, he was a member of the sanitary committee. For his efficiency as an executive officer and as attending physician - free of charge - when the unfortunate people were stricken with that loathsome disease, the City Council unanimously passed the following resolutions:

"At a stated meeting of City Council, held on the above date, it was unanimously
"Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to draft suitable resolutions conveying the thanks of this body to J.W. Donges, M.D., for special services rendered as a member of the Camden Board of Health, during the prevalence of small-pox in our city in the fall of 1879 -80.

"The committee reported the following, which was unanimously adopted:
     "Whereas, The citizens of this community, through their representatives, having expressed an earnest desire that a token of public appreciation should be extended to J.W. Donges, M.D., for the fearless and faithful discharge of his duties as a member of the board of Health, be it therefore
     "Resolved, That the sincere and heartfelt thanks of this body and community are hereby extended to J.W. Donges, M.D., member of City Council from the Eighth Ward, and member of the Board of Health, for his indefatigable, self-sacrificing and successful efforts to obliterate the loathsome disease that infested our city.
     "Resolved, That to his valuable assistance and wise professional judgment is due the successful efforts of the board in preventing a wide-spread epidemic, and placing practical safeguards against a recurrence of the disease for years to come.
     "Resolved, That his exceptional care and provision for the comfort of the public patients commands their gratitude in a manner that words are inadequate to express.

On December 22, 1866, Dr. Donges was married to Miss Rose Renoud, of Philadelphia. Dr. and Mrs. Donges have five children, - Miriam E., Clarence B., Raymond R., Evelyn L. and Ralph W.E.

ELLIS P. TOWNSEND was born at Kennett, Chester County, Pa., May 27, 1835. He was a student of medicine under his father, Dr. W.W. Townsend, and in 1860 entered Jefferson Medical College, and was graduated in March, 1863. He served one year in the army as assistant surgeon, after which he practiced medicine in Beverly, N.J., from 1864 until September, 1883, when he came to Camden. While a practitioner in the former place, he published the County Practitioner, a medical journal, that was afterward discontinued. He was formerly a member of the Burlington County Medical Society, but transferred his membership to the Camden County Society in 1883.

HOWARD F. PALM is a native of Orwigsburg, Pa., where he was born March 22, 1855. He studied medicine with his father, Dr. J.P. Palm, and entered Jefferson Medical College in 1879; was graduated March 12, 1881, and March 31, 1881, from the Philadelphia School of Anatomy, and then located as a practitioner in Camden.

CONRAD G. HOELL was born in Camden May 25, 1860. After obtaining a preparatory education, he entered the College of Pharmacy, in Philadelphia, graduating in 1880. In the same year he became a medical student in the office of Dr. J.M. Ridge, and in the spring of 1881 entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, and was graduated in March, 1882. He then located in Camden, and soon afterward purchased a drug-store on Federal Street, which he now conducts in connection with his medical practice. He became a member of the Camden County Medical Society in 1884.

A.T. DOBSON, JR., was born at Cape May, N.J., July; 1858; entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania as a student in 1879, and was graduated in March, 1882. After eight months’ practice in Luzerne County, Pa., he removed to and located in Camden. In the year 1884 he joined the Camden City and County and State Medical Societies.

P.W. BEALE was born on the banks of the Wissahickon, Pa., May 23, 1855. In 1872-73 he studied medicine under Professor E.L. Wallace, and from 1873 to 1876 he studied under Professor John Brinton, and at the same time was a student in Jefferson Medical College, from which he was graduated in March, 1876. He practiced in the hospitals for a year, and in the city of Philadelphia four years, and in the spring of 1881 located in Camden. He was elected coroner in 1884. He became a member of the Camden County Medical Society in 1884.

DANIEL STROCK was born in Flemington, N.J., on September 6, 1851. He began the study of medicine, in 1874, under Dr. Charles Geissler, of Philadelphia, and at the same time entered Jefferson Medical College, from which he was graduated in March, 1877. He practiced in Philadelphia until October, 1880, when he came to Camden.

JOSEPH H. WILLS was born near Mount Holly, N.J., March 13, 1844. He studied medicine with Dr. Samuel Ashhurst, of Philadelphia, and attended lectures in the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1877, and was graduated in March, 1880, after which he was engaged in the Orthopaedic and Pennsylvania Hospitals until November 1, 1883, when he located in Camden.

WILLIAM WARNOCK, a native of Burlington, N.J., was born June 29, 1858. He studied pharmacy for a term of three years, and in 1877 entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated in March, 1880. He was engaged one year as physician in the Pennsylvania Hospital, and was surgeon two years for the "Red Star Line" of ocean steamers.

JAMES A. WAMSLEY was born in Gloucester County, N.J., on 19th of April, 1851. He received his education at the neighboring schools, and entered Jefferson Medical College in the fall of 1876, graduating in 1878. He first located at Alloway, Salem County, N.J., and remained two years, removing from thence to Southwestern Illinois. Dr. Wamsley made Gloucester his home in 1877, where he has since been engaged in active practice, as also in the management of a drug-store. He has for seven consecutive years filled the office of city physician of Gloucester.

D. HEDDING BARTINE, is of Huguenot descent, and the great-grandson of Jean Bartine, who, after his emigration from France to Holland, came to America, settled in New Rochelle and became Governor of the province. Among his children was a son, David, who became noted as a minister of unusual classical attainments, who married a Miss Newell, to whom was born a son, David W., at the old homestead, Princeton, N.J.

He attained distinction, both as a doctor of divinity and doctor of medicine. By his marriage to Amelia, daughter of Richard Stout, of Ocean County, N.J., the following children were born: Richard S., Helen (late Mrs. George Batchelder), Louisa (wife of Dr. Lewis Redding, of Trenton), S. Hedding, Amelia (late Mrs. Charles Hall), Anna (deceased), Laura (wife of the late Lieutenant Slack, United States Navy), Jennie (now Mrs. James Macnider, of Brooklyn) and Joseph.

David Hedding Bartine, the second son, was born November 7, 1841, at Morristown, N.J., and, after an academic course at Harrisburg and Lancaster, Pa., removed to Philadelphia, entering the University of Pennsylvania in the autumn of 1859.

He graduated in 1862, and, subsequently joining the staff of St. Joseph’s Hospital, remained at that institution for six months. He then entered the army as assistant surgeon of the One Hundred and Fourteenth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, or Collis Zouaves. After an active service of one year and nine months, he was detached and assigned to duty at General Meade’s headquarters, Army of the Potomac, as attending surgeon. In August, 1864, he was promoted to the full rank of major, and assigned to duty as surgeon of the Second Veteran Artillery, Pennsylvania Volunteers. On the surrender of General Lee, Dr. Bartine was placed as surgeon in charge of the Fair-Ground United States General Hospital, at Petersburg, Va., and remained on duty until he was discharged, February 18, 1866. He then resumed the life of a civilian, locating in Merchantville, N.J., and engaged in the pursuit of his profession. His practice, which is of a general character, is not confined to the immediate locality of his residence, but extends to Camden and Philadelphia. He has devoted much attention to diseases of the throat, and his skill in that branch of practice, with his thorough knowledge of the profession as a whole, have placed him in the leading rank among the physicians of the county.

Dr. Bartine is prominently identified with the public interests of the county, especially those pertaining to its sanitary condition. He is president of the Board of Health of the borough of Merchantville and an active Odd-Fellow, being a member of Amity Lodge, No. 166, of Merchantville.

Dr. Bartine was married, February 21, 1865, to Miss Clementine, daughter of the late John Hanna, Esq., one of the oldest members of the Philadelphia bar. May H. is their only child.

LOUIS HATTON was born of Friends (Quaker) parentage, in Delaware County, Pa., in the year 1834. He received his preliminary education in the schools of that county; remained on his father’s farm, with his parents, until 1850. He was placed by his father as an apprentice to learn the carpenter trade, under the care, instruction and guardianship of George Chandler, of Philadelphia, an exemplary member of the Society of Friends. He completed his apprenticeship in 1854; continued to work at the carpenter business, and by industry, frugality and close study of the preliminary branches of medical education during hours of work at the bench, and at other times, succeeded in accumulating sufficient pecuniary means and medical knowledge to commence the regular study of medicine, under the tuition of Isaac Lee, M.D., of Westchester, Pa., in 1857; continued to study under Mr. Lee until 1859; matriculated in the Penn Medical College, of Philadelphia, Pa., and graduated in 1861; commenced the practice of medicine in Camden in that year. He married Anna F. Sharp, daughter of Jacob W. Sharp, of Camden, in 1863; lost his wife, by consumption, in 1864; married Laura V. Foulks, daughter of Rev. William Foulks (1868), by whom two children have been born, - Carrie and Horace.

JOSEPH E. HURFF was born September 14, 1856, at Turnerville, N.J.; obtained his preparatory education in the schools of his native town and at the Blackwood Academy; he then for three years attended Pierce’s Business College, in Philadelphia. In 1875 he became a student of medicine under the instruction of Dr. Henry E. Brannin, of Blackwood, entered Jefferson Medical College in 1879, was graduated in 1881, and immediately thereafter established himself in the practice of his profession in Blackwood.

JAMES H. STANTON was born in the State of Maryland July 9, 1837. After obtaining a preparatory education, he began the study of medicine under the instruction of his uncle, Dr. W.E. Bonwill. Entering the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, he completed the course and was graduated in the year 1869. He established himself in practice in Philadelphia immediately after graduation, and continued in his profession there until 1883, when he located in Camden, and has since followed his profession in that city.

JAMES G. STANTON, son of Dr. James H. Stanton, was born in Delaware April 15, 1860; studied medicine with his father, entered Jefferson Medical College, and after his graduation, in March, 1881, he began to practice in Camden.

HOWARD G. BONWILL was born near Dover, Kent County, Del., in 1862. He studied medicine with Dr. J.H. Stanton, and entered Jefferson Medical College, from which he was graduated in April, 1886, and then began to practice in Camden.

SAMUEL T. BANES was born in Southamptonville, Bucks County, Pa., April 16, 1846. He studied medicine in 1867, under the direction of Dr. Charles T. Seary, of Philadelphia, and the three succeeding years in the office of Dr. Gordon, of the same city. He completed his studies at the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, and was graduated M.D. in March, 1872. In 1873 he located in the city of Camden, where he has since practiced.

ISAAC N. HUGG was born August 24, 1840, on Timber Creek, Gloucester County. He was educated in the public schools, and on the breaking out of the Civil War, entered the Union army as lieutenant, was promoted to captain, and served to the close in the Thirty-fourth Regiment New Jersey Volunteers. In 1867 he turned his attention to medicine, with Washington J. Duffy, M.D., of Philadelphia, as preceptor, and entered the Philadelphia University of Medicine and Surgery and graduated in 1869, and in July of that year came to Camden, where he has since practiced his profession.

JOHN STRADLEY was born in Frederica, Del., December 3, 1828, and was educated at the schools near his home. He began the study of medicine with Dr. Albert Whiteley, of the same place, and graduated from the Vermont Medical College, at Woodstock, Vt., in 1852. He then acted as surgeon onboard a vessel running to Liverpool, and also made a voyage to Australia in the same capacity. In 1862 Dr. Stradley engaged in practice and opened a drug-store in Philadelphia. In 1874 he removed to Gloucester, resumed his business as a druggist and began an office practice, since abandoned.

EZRA COMLY was born at Byberry September 17, 1840; studied medicine with his father, Dr. Isaac Comly, entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, and was graduated therefrom in March, 1862. He practiced in his native place until November, 1885, when he removed to Camden.

H.H. SHERK, a native of Lebanon, Pa., established a drug-store in Wrightsville in 1876, and in 1884 entered Jefferson Medical College and graduated in May, 1886. He now conducts the drug-store and follows his profession.

GEO. H. JONES, a native of Philadelphia, was born February 2, 1830. He was graduated from the Medical Department of the University of the City of New York in March, 1870. After practice in several places, he located in Camden in February, 1883.

MRS. JENNIE RICKARDS was born at Jamaica, L.I., March 23, 1850, and began the study of medicine under Dr. Joseph Hearn, of Philadelphia, in 1876; entered the Woman’s Medical College of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia, in 1878, when, after two years study, in 1880, she entered the Eclectic Medical Collage of Philadelphia, and was graduated in March, 1882. She practiced medicine under Dr. Hearn before graduation, and since then has practiced medicine in Camden.

MRS. SOPHIA PRESLEY is a native of Ireland, came to this country when a child, with her parents, and in 1876 became a student in the Women’s Medical College of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia, and was graduated in 1879; practiced one year in the Hospital for Women and Children, and in 1881 located in Camden. She was appointed instructor of surgery in the Women’s Hospital in 1880 and held the position three years, and from 1881 to 1884 was clinic physician. Since the death of Dr. I. Mulford she has been physician in charge of the West Jersey Orphanage for colored children.

WILLIAM SHAFER, a native of Leesburg, Va., was born February 14, 1853, and studied medicine in his native place with Dr. E.H. Moat. He entered Jefferson Medical College in the fall of 1881, from which he was graduated in March, 1884. He completed a course of pharmacy in 1880, and then established himself in the drug business in Camden.

WILLIAM R. POWELL was born in England April 22, 1855; studied medicine in Canada and engaged in the drug business in that province. In 1874 he came to Philadelphia and entered the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Jefferson Medical College. He was graduated from the former in March, 1875, and from the latter in March, 1877. He began practice in Philadelphia and removed to Camden in January, 1886. He was appointed assistant of the Out-Patient Medical Department of Jefferson Medical College Hospital May 28, 1886.

WILLIAM S. JONES was born at Elmer, Salem County, N.J., January 16, 1856. He

began his medical studies under J.S. Whitaker, of Millville, N.J., in 1875, and the next year entered Jefferson Medical College, from which he was graduated Doctor of Medicine in March, 1878, and practiced in Millville until the fall of 1885, when he moved to Camden, where he now resides. He is also assistant physician of the Laryngological Department of Jefferson Medical College Hospital.

LAWRENCE L. GLOVER was born in Camden. He studied medicine under Dr. T.J. Smith, of Bridgeton, and Prof. Wallace, of Philadelphia, and entered Jefferson Medical College in the fall of 1879, from which he was graduated in May, 1882. He began practice in Salem, and in April, 1885, removed to Haddonfield, where he is now in practice.

E.R. SMILEY was born in the city of Philadelphia, having descended from a family of physicians, being a grandson of the well-known Dr. Thomas Smiley, of Philadelphia. He was graduated from the Philadelphia High School and entered the drugstore of P.S. Reed, in West Philadelphia, in 1868, graduating in pharmacy. He entered Jefferson Medical College in 1874, from which he was graduated in 1880, taking a prize for an essay on obstetrics, which branch of the profession he now practices as a specialty. After graduating, he came to Camden, and entered into a partnership with Dr. W.A. Davis, in the drug business, and in 1885 he established a drug-store.

N. DAVIS, a native of Kent County, Del., was graduated from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy in 1878, and in 1882 opened a drug-store in Camden. In 1883 he entered the office of Dr. W.A. Davis as a medical student, and in the fall of the same year entered Jefferson Medical College, and after graduating in 1886 has conducted both the drug-store and his medical practice.

the study of medicine with Dr. Jonathan Hoven, in his native place. In 1874 he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City, from which he was graduated in 1877, and began practice in Newark, N.J., and continued there until 1880, when he removed to Camden.

WILLIAM C. RAUGHLEY, a native of Kent County, Del., was born November 21, 1857. He studied medicine with Dr. A.H. Bishop, of Dover, Del., and entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated in May, 1884, and then began practice in Berlin.

GUILFORD GUNTER was born in Frederickton, N.B., March 22, 1858; studied medicine in Canada; entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1878, and from that institution received his medical degree in 1880. He entered upon the practice of his profession in Berlin, and in 1884 removed to Camden.

GEORGE W. HENRY was born in Camden November 19, 1858. He entered the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy in 1875, and graduated in March, 1879; studied medicine with Dr. D. Benjamin, and entered Jefferson Medical College in the fall of 1880, taking the degree of Doctor of Medicine, and in April following began practice in Camden, which, in connection with a drug-store, he continues.

W.S. LONG was born in Chester County, Pa., November 25, 1855. He studied medicine with his father, Dr. M.A. Long, and in the fall of 1875 entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, and graduated therefrom March 11, 1878. He practiced one year as resident physician of the Pennsylvania Hospital, was in charge one year, under Dr. Charles K. Mills, of the Nervous Dispensary, four years in Philadelphia, and in April, 1885, moved to Haddonfield, where he is now in practice.

ROBERT CASPERSONN is a native of St. Louis, Mo., born November 23, 1859. He became a student in 1881 under Professor W.H. Pancoast, and in the meantime for two years attended lectures at Jefferson Medical College. In 1883 he visited the hospitals of London and Paris, and on his return resumed his study at the same institution and was graduated in March, 1884. He practiced in Philadelphia one year, and in June, 1886, removed to Camden.

WILLIAM A. WESTCOTT was born in Waterford October 15, 1857; studied medicine with Dr. Jennings, of Camden; entered Jefferson Medical College, and was graduated in April, 1883. He also took a post-graduate course in the Pennsylvania School of Anatomy and Surgery, in operative surgery with the physicians and surgeons of Philadelphia Hospital, in obstetrics at the Philadelphia Lying-in Charity Hospital. After finishing these studies at the institutions mentioned he began the active duties of his profession in Berlin, where he still resides and practices.

GEORGE T. ROBINSON was born in Washington, D.C., March 15, 1861. After completing the medical course at the University of Pennsylvania, he was graduated March 5, 1882, and immediately began the active duties of his profession in Camden.

R.W. RICHIE, is a graduate of Jefferson Medical College in 1852, and after practicing medicine several years in Philadelphia, in 1885 he removed to Camden and engaged in the drug business and continued his medical profession.

ROBERT GIVIN TAYLOR was born in the county of Antrim, Ireland, April 28, 1820.

He emigrated to this country in 1845, and in 1858 began the study of medicine under the instruction of Dr. John Hurst, of Philadelphia. After spending the required time as a student in the Jefferson Medical College, he was graduated M.D. in 1861, and immediately established himself as a physician in the city of Camden. In 1873 he took charge of a drug-store previously conducted by his son, Dr. William Taylor, which he has since continued in connection with his professional duties.

ALEXANDER McALLISTON was born in Paterson, N.J., May 5, 1862. He entered the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, and was graduated in 1882, and the same year entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, and was graduated from that institution in May, 1885, and then began practice in Camden.

FRANK G. STROUD was born at Moorestown, N.J., October 30, 1862, and studied medicine with his father, Dr. J.C. Stroud. In 1880 he entered Jefferson Medical College, and was graduated April 2, 1882. He began practice in his native place and continued until December 10, 1885, when he located. He is also in the Laryngological Department on the staff of Jefferson Medical College Hospital.

The founder of homeopathy, Samuel Hahnemann, was born April 10, 1755, at Meissen, in Cur-Saxony, one of the regions in Germany. He passed several years at the Stadtschule, and at the age of sixteen he began to attend the Furstenschule, of Meissen, where he remained eight years. His parents were poor, but his inherent thirst for knowledge induced his instructors to give him the advantages of an education without paying the usual tuition fees. In 1775 he entered the University of Leipsig, where he raised enough money to spend two years in study, by giving lessons as a tutor and making translations into German. He took his degree of Doctor of Medicine at Erlangen August 10, 1779. He spent ten years in the practice of his profession at different places, and in 1789 returned to Leipsig, where he soon became favorably known for his knowledge of medicine, chemistry, mineralogy and the kindred sciences, and for many important discoveries which gave him a wide-spread reputation. In pursuing his investigations he became dissatisfied with the state of medical science around him. He claimed that it was imperfect, and then began to elaborate a new system of medicine which he termed homoeopathia, which is derived from the two Greek words, homoios (similar) and pathos (feeling or suffering). He tested the use of a number of drugs, convinced himself and advanced it as a theory, that a remedy which would cure a certain disease would also produce a disorder very similar to that disease in a healthy person, and that the converse was equally true, - i.e., that a drug which produced a certain disease in a healthy body would cure it in a sick one. He tested the drug on his own person, carefully noting the minutest effects produced and comparing them with the symptoms of well-known diseases. He induced some of his friends to join him in these tests or provings, and, by mutually comparing notes, certain positive facts and a code were established. This was the origin of the famous axiom, aimilia similibus curantur. Many German physicians tested the principles of Hahnemann, and afterwards advocated them. The founder of this new system of medicine, after he had attained the age of forty-five years, lived in a complete self-abnegation and endangered his own physical constitution in testing the system he was promulgating.

In the mean time he wrote ten volumes of the "Materia Medica Pura," and effected cures on persons of eminence in promulgating the theory of minimum doses. His greatest work is entitled the "Organon of Rational Medicine," which has always been, and doubtless will continue to be, a textbook of the homoeopathic profession. In 1805 he published a little work on the "Positive Effects of Medicine." In 1831 he rendered efficient service during the time the cholera raged so violently in Eastern Europe. In 1836 he left Leipsig and resided for fifteen years with the Duke at Coëthen, perfecting his system by experiments and in the treatmnent of the sick of many families of the nobility.

During his residence at Coethen, when in his eightieth year, he married Mademoiselle D’Hervilly Gohier, a member of one of the prominent families of France. She had been cured by him of a dangerous malady. The marriage was somewhat romantic, inasmuch as she was forty-five years his junior. Soon after this event he and his wife removed to Paris, where he spent the remainder of his years, and died July 2, 1844, at the advanced age of eighty-nine years. He was of slender form and diminutive stature. His head was large and his forehead well-proportioned. He was known by his contemporaries as a man of fine intellect.

Homoeopathy was introduced in Camden County by the physicians of Philadelphia. In 1838 the "Family Guide," translated and compiled by C. Hering, M.D., was published in Camden and aided greatly in spreading the knowledge of homoeopathy, inducing many to test it. The way was thus prepared for a physician of this school, and in 1841 J.R. Andrews, M.D., a graduate of Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, began the practice of homoeopathy here. He was faithfully supported by a few warm friends, but being a young man and the opposition proving very strong, after two years of struggling he removed to Wilmington, Del. He remained there only a short time, being induced to return by the earnest solicitation of former patrons. After his return his practice grew rapidly, and he continued in extensive business until his sudden death, in 1864, from cerebro-spinal meningitis.

A family by the name of Reese, living on Cooper Street, above Third, was probably the first in Camden to receive homoeopathic treatment being visited by Dr. Schomlie, of Philadelphia. Through the head of this family, Dr. Andrews, who was then sick, was induced to try homoeopathic treatment, and it resulted as successfully in his case as in the Reese family. It was this circumstance, undoubtedly, which gave the initial impulse to his career.

DR. J. RICHARDSON ANDREWS here alluded to as the pioneer of homoeopathy in Camden, was born in the city September 21, 1818, and was a son of Richardson Andrews, a lumber merchant. He read medicine with Dr. William Schomlie, of Philadelphia, and graduated from Jefferson Medical College in 1841. He married Catharine, daughter of Captain Warrington, of Pennsylvania, by whom he had four children, - William, Richardson, Kate and P.W. Andrews, now a physician. Dr. Andrews died in 1864, as heretofore mentioned. He was universally esteemed as an eminent and skillful physician, and a man of irreproachable character.

SAMUEL CARLES was among the first practitioners of homoeopathy in Camden County. He was born in Philadelphia May 11, 1817. He began the study of medicine with Dr. George McClellan, of Philadelphia, and soon after entered Jefferson Medical College and received the degree of M.D. in March, 1839. He practiced medicine a few years in Philadelphia, and in 1854 read medicine under Dr. John Anderson, a prominent homoeopathist of Camden, and in 1855 was graduated from Hahnemann Medical College and then began practicing in Camden, in accordance with the teaching of Hahnemann, many years with marked success. He still resides in Camden.

BOWMAN H. SHIVERS was born in Haddonfield July 7, 1836. He studied medicine with Dr. Julius Holtenpolf of Haddonfield, and in the fall of 1855 entered Pennsylvania Medical University, in Philadelphia, from which he was graduated in April, 1858. He then began to practice his profession in Marlton and continued until 1862; resided in Philadelphia two years and in 1864 began the practice of homoeopathy in his native town.

J. KEMPER BRYANT was born in Philadelphia December 18, 1832. He studied medicine with Dr. J.G. Howard, of Philadelphia, in 1852, and entered Hahnemann Medical College, from which he was graduated in March, 1856. He practiced in Newark, Delaware, until 1864, when he moved to Camden and has since pursued his profession in that city.

H.F. HUNT was born in Providence, R.I., March 29, 1838. His ancestors are among the earliest settlers of the State. His great-grandfather was a colonel in the Revolutionary War, and his descendants have continued to occupy prominent political positions. Dr. Hunt passed through the graded schools in Providence, and, at fifteen years of age, entered Greenwich Seminary, taking a three years’ college course. His health failing, he did not enter Brown University, as intended, at the expiration of the three years, but had to relinquish study. He managed a cotton-factory for his father until the spring of 1860, when he decided to go West. He became a teacher in Aurora Seminary at Aurora, Ill., and also commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Howell, an allopathic physician. He remained there two years and then returned East and took a course of lectures at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York. While studying with Dr. Howell a severe epidemic of diphtheria prevailed, and thinking that the homoeopathic treatment was more successful, he was induced to investigate that treatment. After leaving New Jersey he returned to Providence and entered the office of Dr. A.H. Okie. He remained with him two years. He graduated from the Homoeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania in the spring of 1864. Dr. J.B. Andrews died at that time and he was invited to succeed him in Camden. This gave him at once a large and lucrative practice. He was soon compelled to relinquish all country practice.

The idea was conceived of organizing the homoeopathic medical men of South Jersey, and the result was the establishment of the West Jersey Homoeopathic Medical Society, of which Dr. Hunt was elected president. He also helped to organize the State Society, and was elected its president in 1876, and was also appointed a delegate to the World’s Convention, which assembled in Philadelphia that year.

P.W. ANDREWS, son of Dr. J.R. Andrews, the first resident homoeopathist in Camden County, was born in Camden. He attended the Friends’ Central School, in Philadelphia, and afterwards pursued the study of the classics under the instruction of Professor Hutchinson, of Camden. He read medicine in the office of his father until the time of the latter’s death, and then became a student with Dr. H.F. Hunt. He attended medical lectures for two years at Long Island College Hospital, and then entered thc Homoeopathic Medical College of Philadelphia, and was graduated from that institution. He has since practiced in Camden.

MELBOURNE F. MIDDLETON was born in the city of Camden on the 21st day of January, 1842. His father, Timothy Middleton, his grandfather, Amos A. Middleton, and his great-grandfather, Timothy Middleton, were all born here. In these early days, reaching back to Revolutionary times, Camden was but a very small village. Timothy Middleton, the father of the doctor, was born January 21, 1817, and died April 15, 1867. He was an active, intelligent and successful farmer, but exchanged that occupation in his later years for city life, and, becoming interested in local affairs, was elected and served one term as mayor of the city of Camden. He was married, on the 19th of November, 1840, to Hester A.R. Jenkins, an estimable lady, and the following children were born to them: Melbourne F., Malinda E., Amos A., Elizabeth S. and Timothy J. Dr. Melbourne F. Middleton, the eldest and the subject of this biography, obtained his preparatory education in the public schools of Camden and Philadelphia.

After leaving school he returned to his father’s farm, near Camden, where he spent about four years in the healthy occupation of a farmer. During this time and after leaving the farm (his father returning to Camden) he pursued special branches of study to fit himself more fully for active business life. We next find him engaged for a short time as a grocer’s clerk; then as a salesman in a cloth-house in Philadelphia; then as an assistant book-keeper in the office of Dr. D. Jayne & Son, of Philadelphia, where he was soon advanced to the position of general correspondent. The duties were arduous, involving a list of correspondents to the number of ten thousand. After being in the office about two years, and his health failing, the firm kindly gave him their power of attorney, and sent him out traveling in their interests, which position he held nearly two years, after which he returned, with renewed health and an invaluable experience, which had broadened his view of men and things, to enter upon the fulfillment of hopes that had been cherished from early childhood, and towards which every previous movement of his life had been a stepping-stone - the study of medicine. During the time he was in the office of Dr. D. Jayne & Son he matriculated, and each winter attended lectures on single branches of medicine, and, while traveling, continued study so far as his duties and health would permit. In the fall of 1866 he entered the Hahnemann Medical College, of Philadelphia, for the full course of lectures, and graduated with the degree of Doctor of Medicine on March 4, 1868, and immediately commenced the practice of medicine in the city of Camden, where he still continues an earnest and successful physician. He is a member of the West Jersey Homoeopathic Medical Society," "The New Jersey State Homoeopathic Medical Society," "The American Institute of Homoeopathy," and the "Camden Microscopical Society." He is one of the originators of the "Camden Homoeopathic Hospital and Dispensary Association," and, in 1880, through his influence, the practice of homeopathy was introduced into the "Camden County Asylum for the Insane." He was for eight years a member of the "Board of Education of the City of Camden," is also a member of "Camden Lodge, No. 15, F.A.M," and is connected by membership with the Third Street Methodist Episcopal Church, of which his parents were among the early members.

King, youngest daughter of Captain Henry King, one of the oldest and a highly respected citizen of Camden. They have four children, - Bessie K., Melbourne F., Arthur L. and Timothy G.

THOMAS R. BLACKWOOD was born in Moorestown, N.J., July 21, 1834. He entered the office of Dr. Clay, of that town, as a medical student, in 1867, and soon after entered Hahnemann Medical College, from which he obtained his medical degree in 1880. Immediately after graduating he established himself in practice in Camden, and has since continued it.

C.J. COOPER was born in Langhorne, Bucks County, Pa., October 14, 1843. He began the study of medicine with Dr. H.F. Hunt, entered Hahnemann Medical College in 1866, was graduated in 1868, began practice in Salem, N.J., and in the fall of 1849 moved to Camden, where he has since practiced with success.

studied medicine with Dr. Caleb Swan, of Easton, Mass.; attended medical lectures at Dartmouth College in 1840, under Dr. O.W. Holmes, and Professor Benjamin Silliman, the next year, at Bowdoin College, in Maine. After a few years of travel he took his medical degree, and in July, 1844, located in Germantown, Pa., and in 1850 entered Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, and from that time was a follower of the Hahnemann school of medicine, and practiced in Germantown from 1841 to 1870, and then retired from regular practice and removed to Haddonfield, when he still lives. His son, Franklin E., was born at Germantown May 2,1857. He entered the University of Pennsylvania in June, 1873. After two years’ course in the Scientific Department he entered the Medical Department and received his degree in March, 1878. In the same year he took a post-graduate course at Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia, and was graduated in March, 1879. He began and has since practiced in Haddonfield.

J.D. LECKNER was born in Philadelphia May 9, 1853; studied medicine with Dr. Henry N. Martin, entered Hahnemann Medical College in 1871, and completed the course, receiving his degree in March, 1873; began practice in Philadelphia, and, in 1876, came to Camden. He is president of the Board of Health of the city of Camden, and one of the staff of the Homoeopathic Hospital of Camden.

ANNA E. GRIFFITH was born in 1830 in Elizabeth, N.J.; studied medicine with Dr. S.A. Barnett, of New York City, and, in 1871, entered the Women’s Medical College of New York City, a homeopathic institution; was graduated in March, 1874; practiced in New York City one year, and then removed to Camden to continue in her profession.

WILLIS H. HUNT, a native of Providence, Rhode Island, and brother of H.F. Hunt, of Camden, was born April 19, 1855. He began the study of medicine with Dr. Elmer Eddy, of Providence, and, in 1874, entered Harvard Medical School, and was graduated in June, 1877, with a view of following the practice of the allopathic school of medicine. In the fall of 1877 he came to Philadelphia, entered Hahnemann Medical College and studied one year, and, by reason of ill health, withdrew. In 1879 he began practice in Camden, and still continues.

EDGAR B. SHARP was born at Long-a-Coming (now Berlin), Camden County, N.J., October 21, 1855; was a student with Professor A.R. Thomas, of Philadelphia; attended the lectures of Hahnemann Medical College, of Philadelphia, graduated March 9, 1876; now practicing at Westmont, Camden County, N.J.

E.M. HOWARD, is a native of Barry, Mass., where he was born September 11, 1848. He began the study of medicine at home, in 1868, with Dr. A.E. Kemp, and in 1870 entered Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y., and took a special preparative course in comparative anatomy, under Professor Burt G. Wilder; was graduated in 1873, and in 1874 entered Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, from which he obtained his medical degree in 1877, and then located in Camden. He was appointed lecturer on botany in the Hahnemann Medical College in 1878, on pharmacy in 1881 and on toxicology in 1886, and still continues in these departments.

ELI TULLIS was born in Cumberland County, N.J., April 10, 1838. He entered Hahnemann Medical College in the fall of 1875, and was graduated in March, 1879, and began practice in Camden.

WILLIAM G. DU BOIS was born in Clayton township, Gloucester County, N.J., August 17, 1858, and received his preliminary education under private tutors at home. He began the study of medicine under Dr. Wallace McGeorge, of Woodbury, and entered the Hahnemann Medical College, Philadelphia, from which he was graduated in 1880. He has since been engaged in the practice of his profession in Gloucester.

SILAS H. QUINT was born in Philadelphia December 3, 1849; began the study of medicine in 1870 with Dr. Samuel Carles, and entered Hahnemann Medical College, graduating March 10, 1873. In 1874 he opened an office in Camden. He is secretary of the board of directors of the Homoeopathic Hospital and Dispensary of Camden.

R.H. PEACOCK was born in Camden February 5, 1858; studied medicine with Dr. M.F. Middleton, and, in 1878, entered Hahnemann Medical College, from which he was graduated in March, 1881. He began practice in Camden, and in April, 1883, removed to Berlin, where he is now in practice.

study of medicine with Dr. H.F. Hunt in 1881, and the same year entered Hahnemann Medical College, and was graduated in March, 1884. He began practice in Belair, Harford County, Md., and removed to Camden April 1, 1886.

T. WALTER GARDINER is a native of Philadelphia, where he was born October 25, 1854. He attended the school at Woodbury and the South Jersey Institute, at Bridgeton, N.J. He began his medical studies in Philadelphia and entered the Hahnemann Medical College in 1871, from which institution he was graduated in 1875. Dr. Gardiner first settled in Ulster County, N.Y., remaining there for five years, when he removed to Pottstown. In December, 1883, he came to Gloucester City, where he is now engaged in practice.

GEORGE S.F. PFEIFFER, a native of Worms, Germany, was born September 9, 1806. He studied medicine under Baron Von Liebig and Von Ritger, in Strasburg and Giessen, alter which he entered the Holland navy as assistant surgeon. He was captured off the coast of Algiers and retained a prisoner, and he was in charge of the grounds and gardens of the Sultan of Turkey, and there introduced many new plants. He was liberated by the French about 1830, and returned to Germany. His long absence prevented his return to the practice of his profession without a thorough study and examination, according to German, and he came to America in 1833, where he formed the acquaintance with Dr. C.F. Herring and others of the Hahnemann school of practice. In 1834 he began homoeopathic practice, first in Baltimore, later in Adams County, Pa., Germantown and Philadelphia. In 1854 he moved to Camden, where he remained until 1862, during a part of which time he was a professor in the Penn Medical College. He then entered the regular army and remained in its service until 1868, and returned to Camden, resumed practice and continued until his death, November 29, 1883.

FREDERICK P. PFEIFFER, son of Dr. George S.F. Pfeiffer, was born in Philadelphia June 25, 1841. He studied medicine with his father, and in 1861 entered the Penn Medical University, from which he was graduated in March, 1863. While engaged in his studies he entered the United States army as a medical cadet, and was stationed in a hospital in West Philadelphia. After his graduation he was appointed assistant medical director under Frederick G. Snelling. In 1884 he was transferred to the hospital, and later to Louisiana, and on May 31, 1865, left the service and came to Camden and began the practice in which he is now engaged. On the 12th of April, 1870, he became a member of the New Jersey State Homoeopathic Medical Society.

GEORGE R. FORTINER, a native of Camden, was born November 14, 1842; studied medicine with Dr. A.C. Haines, of Columbus, N.J., and in the fall of 1876 entered Penn Medical University, at Philadelphia, from which he was graduated in March, 1879. Mrs. Ida Fortiner, his wife, was born December 28, 1848, at Columbus, and studied medicine with her father,entered college with her husband and graduated at the same time. They settled, after graduating, at Camden, where they yet reside and practice. He is a member of the Eclectic State Society of New Jersey. They practice largely in accordance with the principle of homoeopathy.

WEST JERSEY HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL SOCIETY. - Pursuant to a call issued by Wallace McGeorge, M.D., of Hightstown; Henry F. Hunt, M.D., of Camden; N. Kirkpatrick, M.D., of Burlington; R.M. Wilkinson, M.D., of Trenton; and W. Ward, M.D., of Mount Holly, the homoeopathic physicians of South and West Jersey met in Camden, on May 19, 1869, and organized the Western District Homoeopathic Medical Society of New Jersey. The following officers were elected, and bureaus appointed: President, D.R. Gardiner, M.D., Woodbury; Vice-President, R.M. Wilkinson, M.D., Trenton; Secretary, Wallace McGeorge, M.D., Hightstown; and Treasurer, J.G. Streets, M.D., Bridgeton; Censors, Drs. Hunt, Malin and Cooper; Bureau of Obstetrics, Drs. Wilkinson, Malin and Bancroft; Surgery, Drs. Middleton, Cooper and Austin; Practice, Drs. Hunt, Brown and Streets; Materia Medica, Drs. Kilpatrick, Allen and Phillips. The society meets quarterly in Camden, and during the second year changed its name to West Jersey Homoeopathic Medical Society, under which name it still works. The West Jersey Society has been a useful adjunct to the State Society, and has held its meetings regularly in Camden since its organization. Drs. D.R. Gardiner, R.M. Wilkinson, H.F. Hunt, D.E. Gardiner, E.R. Tuller, N. Kirkpatrick, M.B. Tuller and Isaac Cooper have been president at different times, and not a meeting has elapsed in all this time in which one or more papers have not been presented and read before the society.

Dr. McGeorge served as secretary in 1869. He was followed in 1870 by Dr. Isaac Cooper, of Trenton. Dr. McGeorge was re-elected in 1871 and served until 1876, when M.B. Fuller, of Vineland, was elected. Dr. McGeorge was re-elected in 1877 and served continuously until 1880, when Dr. H.S. Quint, of Camden, was chosen. In 1881 R.H. Peacock was made secretary, serving until May, 1884, when he was followed by E.M. Howard, of Camden, who has held the position till the present time.

The secretary’s report for 1886 gave the membership of the society as forty-two. Three new members have since been added, making the present membership forty-five. Average attendance at each meeting, fourteen and three-quarters (1885 -86). The tangible result of the work of the society is the yearly production of from ten to fifteen scientific papers, most of which are eagerly sought for publication in the medical journals. The society has always taken the keenest interest n all questions of public hygiene and sanitation, and has taken pains to have important papers upon such subjects printed in suitable form, generally in local papers, and paid for their wide distribution among the classes most needing education on such subject, in the city and county.

The physicians of Camden were the most active in organizing the New Jersey State Homoeopathic Society and in securing a liberal charter, granting to homoeopathic physicians all rights and privileges of other schools of medicine. This has proven to be of immense value to physicians of all parts of the State securing them proper recognition before the laws of the State. Dr. H.F. Hunt, of Camden, was elected president in 1876. The physicians of Camden have always been ready to contribute valuable papers on medical subjects at the meetings of the society, and they are justly esteemed and appreciated for their energy in advancing the interests of homoeopathy. Dr. E.M. Howard, of Camden, was elected president of the society in 1885.

President, Isaac Cooper, M.D., of Trenton. Vice-President, Eli Tullis, M.D., of Camden. Treasurer, Anna K Griffith, M.D., of Camden. Secretary, E.M. Howard, M.D., of Camden. Board of Censors: J.G. Streets, M.D., of Bridgeton; P.W. Andrews, M.D., of Camden; F.E. Williams, M.D., of Haddonfield. Executive Committee: W. McGeorge, M.D., of Woodbury; J.G. Streets, M.D., of Bridgeton; E.M. Howard, M.D., of Camden.

CAMDEN HOMOEOPATHIC HOSPITAL AND DISPENSARY. - The great need of a hospital in the city led the homeopathic physicians and the adherents of that school of practice to unite in organizing for that purpose. Several preliminary meetings were held, and on January 30, 1885, at a meeting held in Association Hall, an organization was perfected by the adoption of a constitution and the election of officers, as follows: President, E.A. Armstrong; First Vice-President, James M. Stradling; Second Vice-President, B.F. Sutton; Secretary, S.H. Quint; Treasurer, Charles Watson.

Application was made for a charter, which was granted and approved by the Governor February 5, 1885. The building on the northeast corner of Fourth and Arch was rented and fitted for hospital purposes, with two wards (male and female), with two beds each, and the hospital and dispensary was opened for use on the 2d of March, 1885. The dispensary is open twice a day (except Sundays), and is attended by the homoeopathic physicians of Camden. The report of the hospital and dispensary from March 2, 1885, to December 31st, of the same year, shows that in the dispensary one thousand three hundred and twenty-one new cases were treated, sixteen hundred and seventy-seven persons renewed prescriptions, and in the hospital one hundred and four surgical and ten medical patients have been received and cared for, and forty surgical operations have been performed. The institution is dependent entirely upon voluntary subscription for support. It is under the care of thirty directors, and a board of thirty lady managers, of whom Mrs. Northrup is president.

This institution, being the only place at present open, in Camden for the care of the sick and injured, has been crowded from its start. Its management has been obliged to refuse so many applications for aid, that for the past year they have been seriously considering the question of the erection of a large and suitable building.

The following is the medical staff of the hospital for the year 1886: Surgeons, E.M. Howard, M.D., M.F. Middleton, M.D., S.H. Quint, M.D., J.D. Leckner, M.D., G.D. Woodward, M.D., each serving one month at a time in rotation; Consulting Surgeon, W.H. Van Lennep, M.D.; Physicians, J.K. Bryant, Anna E. Griffith, P.W. Andrews, Eli Tullis, J.R. Blackwood, serving also in rotation one month each; Matron, Mrs. W.H. Wheaton.

The dispensary work is done by different physicians voluntarily agreeing to fill certain hours for a month at a time.

Probably no other profession has made such rapid progress during the last half-century as dentistry. Prior to that period the study and care of the teeth were limited to those who made the study of anatomy and physiology a specialty, and to the members of the medical profession, very much as blood-letting and tooth-drawing were once included among the duties of the barber. Many persons are still living who can distinctly remember when the scalpel and forceps were as necessary instruments in a barber-shop as a pair of shears or a razor.

The first dental college in the world was established at Baltimore in the year 1839. Since that time dentistry has been studied as a science and practiced as an art, and has developed until it now ranks among the most useful of the professions. It includes within its ranks representative men of education, culture and high social standing. The development of the science has been rapid, and a profession that is the offspring of the nineteenth century has not proven tenacious of old ideas, nor unfitted itself for growth and improvement by a blind devotion to the errors of the past.

The most rapid improvement has been made in operative dentistry, of which there has been almost an entire revolution. The highest point at first attainable was to fill such teeth as were slightly decayed, whereas, by the aid of the various improved dental instruments, together with the medicinal treatment of the teeth, the profession is not only enabled to preserve teeth slightly decayed, but to restore and protect them for many years. The early practice advocated smooth-pointed instruments for filling, and non-cohesive gold, whereas serrated instruments and cohesive gold are now recognized as most expedient.

Artificial teeth were in use as early as Washington’s time, and he himself is alleged to have worn them; but at that early day they were either carved out of solid pieces of ivory, which involved great labor and expense, or were human teeth attached to gold plates. Aaron Burr is said to have worn teeth of the kind last mentioned. The later improvements made in this direction, and their introduction into general use, have added largely to both the attractions and difficulties of the profession, and drawn to it many possessed of superior mechanical skill. Formerly the plates in which the teeth are set were made only of gold and silver or carved out of ivory, which necessarily made them both heavy and costly, whereas now, plates are made not only of gold and silver, but also of platinum, rubber and celluloid. Rubber plates were not introduced until about 1854, and celluloid much more recently. The filling of artificial teeth is also a leading branch of the art, requiring both skill, judgment and delicacy, when properly done.

The dentists of the city and county of Camden are representative men of their profession, and those who have a reputation, even beyond the limits of the county, are the following:

John B. Wood.	Wm. W. Morgan.
Henry F. Chew.	A.E. Street.
Howard A. Miner.	Alexander H. Titus.
William Blanc.	Charles P. Tuttle.
Alphonso Irwin.	Stephen G. Wallace.
James Jennett.	Barzillai R. West

SOURCE: Page(s) 237-308, History of Camden County, New Jersey, by George R. Prowell, L.J. Richards & Co. 1886
Published 2010 by the Camden County Genealogy Project

Chapter XIV History of Medicine and Medical Men Part 2 Biographies of Physicians

Chapter XIV
History of Medicine and Medical Men Part 2
Biographies of Physicians