Chapter 13 The Bench and Bar of Camdn County |

OUTLINE OF EARLY LEGAL HISTORY OF NEW JERSEY. - After the settlement of the dispute between John Fenwick (who had acquired of Lord John Berkley the undivided one-half of New Jersey) and the creditors of Edward Byllynge (February 9, 1674), steps were taken by those interested to procure a division of the territory. This was done by a quintipartite deed, dated July 1, 1676, made between the proprietors of East New Jersey and the proprietors of West New Jersey, which fixed the boundary. This made two separate and distinct provinces of the original territory, each of which established a government of its own, with legislative, judicial, and executive powers. The proprietors and owners of West New Jersey issued (March 3, 1676) their "concessions and agreements" in forty-four chapters, somewhat in the nature of a constitution, and upon which all the laws passed by the legislature should be based. These governments were separately maintained until 1702, when the inhabitants of both provinces joined in a petition to Queen Anne of England, to assume the government. The surrender was signed April 15, 1702, and two days after the Queen accepted it, and November 14th, in the same year, appointed Edward Lord Cornbury, Captain-General and Governor of the Province of Nova Caesarea, or New Jersey in America.

This was the commencement of a new epoch in the history of the courts of New Jersey; and the commission and instructions delivered by Queen Anne to Lord Cornbury, as the first Governor of the new colony, were, in fact, its second Constitution. In these instructions the attention of the Governor was especially called to the laws which he might find in existence, and concerning them he is enjoined as follows: "You are with all convenient speed to cause a collection to be made of all the laws, Orders, Rules, or such as have hitherto served or been reputed as Laws amongst the inhabitants of our said Province of Nova Caesarea or New Jersey, and together with our aforesaid Council and Assembly, you are to revise, correct and amend the same, as may be necessary."

Concerning the passage of laws by the General Assembly, it is remarkable that at that early period a provision should have been made in this Constitution, the omission of which in the Constitution of 1776 was so seriously felt, that it was introduced into the Constitution of 1844, and may now be found in nearly all the Constitutions of the different States of the Union. It is in regard to the intermixing of different laws in one and the same act, and is as follows: "You are also, as much as possible, to observe in the passing of all laws, that whatever may be requisite upon each different matter, be accordingly provided for by a different law without intermixing in one and the same Act such Things as have no proper Relation to each other; and you are especially to take care that no Clause or Clauses be inserted in or annexed to any act which shall be foreign to what the Title of such respective Act imports."

The provision of the Constitution of 1844 is evidently taken from the foregoing. It is in these words: "To avoid improper influences which may result from intermixing in one and the same act such things as have no relation to each other, every law shall embrace but one object, and that shall be expressed in the title."

In the matter of erecting courts or offices of judicature, it is curious that the commission of the Governor and his instructions should be so much at variance. In the instructions he is commanded as follows: "You shall not erect any Court or Office of Judicature, not before erected or established, without our especial Order." In his commission, on the other hand, we find as follows: "And do further give and grant unto you full Power and Authority, with the Advice and Consent of our said Council, to erect, constitute and establish such and so many Courts of Judicature and Public Justice within our said Province under your Government as you and they shall think fit and necessary for the hearing and determining of all Causes as well Criminal as Civil, according to Law awl Equity, and for awarding execution thereupon with all reasonable and necessary Powers, Authorities, Fees, and Privileges belonging unto them."

By virtue, then, of his commission, which conferred upon him and his Council powers hitherto enjoyed by the General Assembly, the Governor promulgated in 1704 the first "Ordinance of Establishing Courts of Judicature," which really forms the foundation of the whole judicial system of New Jersey. "All that has been done from that day to this," says Judge Field in his discourse before mentioned, "has been to fill up, as it were, the outlines which he sketched; to add some additional apartments to the judicial edifice which he constructed."

This ordinance, which was, perhaps, unknown, certainly unnoticed, not only by the historians of New Jersey, but by those who have written upon its courts of justice, is so interesting that it is here given in full, as it appears in the appendix to Judge Field’s discourse, where it was printed for the first time since its publication in 1704, -

Whereas, her most Sacred Majesty, Anne, by the Grace of Clod, Queen of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, &c., by her Royal Letters Patents, bearing date the fifth day of December, in the first year of Her Majesty’s Reign, did, among other things therein mentioned, give and grant unto his Excellency, Edward Viscount Cornbury, Captain-General and Governour-in-Chief in and over the Province of Nova Caesarea, or New Jersey, &c., full Power and Authority, with the Advice and Consent of her Majesty’s Council of the said Province, to erect, constitute and establish such and so many Courts of Judicature and public Justice within the said Province and Territories depending thereon, as his said Excellency and Council shall think fit and necessary, for the Hearing and Determining of all Causes, as well Criminal as Civil, according to Law and Equity, and for awarding Execution thereupon, with all necessary Powers, Authorities, Fees and Privileges belonging to them.

His Excellency, the Governour, by and with the advice and Consent of her Majesty’s Council, and by Virtue of the Powers and Authorities derived unto him by her said Majesty’s Letters Patents, doth by these Presents Ordain, and it is hereby Ordained by the Authority aforesaid, That every Justice of the Peace that resides within any Town or County within this Province, is by these Presents fully empowered and authorized to have Cognizance of all Causes or Cases of Debt and Trespasses, to the Value of Forty Shillings, or under; which Causes or Cases of Debt and Trespasses, to the value of Forty Shillings or under, shall and may be Heard, Try’d and finally determined without a Jury, by every Justice of the Peace residing, as aforesaid.

The Process of Warning against a Free-holder or Inhabitant shall be by Summons under the Hand of the Justice, directed to the Constable of the Town or Precinct, or to any deputed by him, where the party complained against does live or reside; which Summons being personally served or left at the Defendant’s House, or his place of Abode, four days before the hearing of the Plaint, shall be sufficient Authority to and for the said Justice to proceed to hear such Cause or Causes and Determine the same in the Defendant’s absence, and to grant Execution thereupon against the Defendant’s Person, or for want thereof, his Goods and Chattles, which the Constable, or his Deputy, of that Town or Precinct, shall and may serve, unless some reasonable excuse for the Parties absence appear to the Justice.

And the Process against an Itinerant Person, Inmate or Foreigner shall be by Warrant from any one Justice of the Peace, to be served by any Constable, or his Deputy, within that County, who shall by Virtue thereof arrest the Party, and him safely keep till he be carried before the said Justice of the Peace, who shall and may immediately hear, try and finally determine of all such Causes and Cases of Debt and Trespass, to the Value of Forty Shillings, or under, by awarding Judgment and Execution; and if payment be not immediately made, the Constable is to deliver the Party to the Sheriff who is hereby required to take him into Custody, and him safely keep till payment be made of the same, with charges; Always Provided That an Appeal to the Justices at the next Court of Sessions held for this said County, shall be allowed for any sum upwards of Twenty Shillings.

And his said Excellency, by the advice and consent aforesaid, doth by these Presents further Ordain, That there shall be kept and holden a Court of Common Fleas in each respective County within this Province, which shall be holden in each County at such place where the General Court of Sessions is usually held and kept, to begin immediately after the Sessions of the Peace does end and terminate, and then to hold and continue as long us there is any business, not exceeding three days.

And the several and respective Courts of Pleas hereby established shall have power and Jurisdiction to hear, try and finally determine all actions, and all Matters and Things Tryable at Common Law, of what nature or kind soever. Provided always, and it is hereby Ordained That there may, and shall be an Appeal or Removal by Habeas Corpus, or any other lawful Writ, of any Person or any Action or Suit depending, and of Judgment or Execution that shall be determined in the said respective Courts of Pleas, upwards of Ten Pounds, and of any Action or Suit wherein the Right or Title of, in or to any Land, or anything relating thereto, shall be brought into Dispute upon Tryal.

And it is further Ordained by the Authority aforesaid, That the General Sessions of the Peace shall be held in each respective County within this

For the County of Middlesex, at Amboy, the third Tuesdays in February, May and August; and the fourth Tuesday in November.

For the County of Bergen, at Bergen, the first Tuesdays in February, May and August; and the second Tuesday In November.

For the County of Essex, at Newark, the second Tuesdays of February, May and August; and the third Tuesday in November.

For the County of Monmouth, at Shrewsbury, the fourth Tuesdays in February, May and August; and the first Tuesday In December.

For the County of Burlington, at Burlington, the first Tuesdays in March, June and September; and the second Tuesday in December.

For the County of Gloucester, the second Tuesdays in March, June and September; and the third Tuesday in December.

For the County of Salem, at Salem, the third Tuesdays in March, June and September; and the fourth Tuesday in December.

For the County of Cape May, at the house of Shamger Hand, the fourth Tuesdays in March, June and September, and the first Tuesday in January. Which General Sessions of the Peace in each respective County aforesaid shall hold and continue for any term not exceeding two days.

And be it further Ordained by the Authority aforesaid That there shall be held and kept at the Cities or Towns of Perth Amboy and Burlington alternately a Supream Court of Judicature, which Supream Court is hereby fully impowered to have cognizance of all Pleas, Civil, Criminal and Mixt as fully and amply, to all intents and purposes whatsoever, as the Courts of Queen’s Bench, Common Pleas and Exchequer within her Majesty’s Kingdom of England have or ought to have, in and to which Supream Court all and every Person and Persons whatsoever shall and may, If they see meet, commence any Action or Suit, the Debt or Damage laid in such Action or Suit being upwards of Ten Pounds, and shall or may by Certiorari, Habeas Corpus, or any other lawful Writ, remove out of any of the respective Courts of Sessions of the Peace or Common Pleas, any information or Indictment there depending, or judgment thereupon given or to be given in any Criminal Matter whatsoever cognizable before them, or any of them, as also all Actions, Pleas or Suits, real, personal or mixt, depending in any of the said Courts, and all Judgments thereupon given, or to be given. Provided always, That the Action, or Suit, depending, or Judgment given be upwards of the Value of Ten Pounds, or that the Action, or Suit, there depending or determined, be concerning the Right or Title of any Free-hold.

And out of the office of which Supream Court at Amboy and Burlington all process shall issue under the Test of the Chief Justice of the said Court; unto which Office all Returns shall be made. Which Supream Court shall be holden at the Cities of Amboy and Burlington alternately, at Amboy on the first Tuesday in May, and at Burlington on the first Tuesday in November, annually, and every year; and each session of the said Court shall continue for any Term not exceeding five days. And one of the Justices of the said Supream Court shall once in every year, if need shall so require, go the Circuit, and hold and keep the said Supream Court, for the County of Bergen at Bergen, on the third Tuesday in April. For the County of Essex at Newark, on the fourth Thursday in April. For the County of Monmouth at Shrewsbury, the second Tuesday in May. For the County of Gloucester at Gloucester, the third Tuesday in May. For the County of Salem at Salem, the fourth Tuesday in May. For the County of Cape May, at Shamger Hands, the first Tuesday in June. Which Justice, when he goes the Circuit, shall in each respective County be assisted by two or more Justices of the Peace during the time of two days, whilst the Court, in the Circuit, is sitting, and no longer.

And it is further Ordained by the Authority aforesaid, That all and every of the Justices or Judges of the several Courts afore-mentioned, be, and are hereby sufficiently Impowered and Authorized to make, ordain and establish all such Rules and Orders, for the more regular practising and proceeding in the said Courts, as fully and amply, to all intents and purposes whatsoever, as all or any of the Judges of the several Courts of the Queen’s Bench, Common Peas, and Exchequer, in England legally do.

And it is further Ordained by the Authority aforesaid, that no Person’s Right of Property shall be, by any of the aforesaid Courts, Determined, except where matters of Fact are either acknowledged by the Parties, or Judgment confessed, or passeth, by the Defendant’s fault for want of Plea or Answer, unless the Fact be found by Verdict of Twelve Men of that Neighbourhood, as it ought to be done by Law.

A Court of Chancery always existed in the State of New Jersey, although its powers were not at first vested in a single person. During the proprietary government the Court of Common Rights exercised Chancery powers and was virtually the Court of Chancery until 1698. Subsequent to that time, until 1705, this court was undoubtedly held by the Governor and Council, and after 1705 its authority was vested in the Governor, or Lieutenant-Governor, and three members of the Council. In 1718 Governor Hunter assumed the office of Chancellor, and continued to exercise its authority until his resignation, in 1720. Although this act of Governor Hunter was condemned by the people as an unauthorized assumption of power, it received the approval of the King’s government, and was adopted by his successor, Governor Burnet, who took especial delight in his duties as chancellor. Three years after the advent of Governor Franklin an effort was made by him (1768) to secure such action on the part of the Council and General Assembly as would place the Court of Chancery on a better footing. He called for a master of the rolls, a master in Chancery for one division of the province, two Masters in Chancery for the other division and a sergeant-at-anus in each division. But the General Assembly caring little for the Court of Chancery, paid no further attention to the Governor’s request.

Two years afterwards the Governor took the matter in his own hands, and, by virtue of the powers conferred upon him by his commission, with the advice and consent of the Council, he adopted an ordinance concerning the Court of Chancery, by which he appointed and commissioned such masters, clerks, examiners, registers and other necessary officers as were needed in the court. There were no essential changes made in the provisions of this ordinance, even by the Constitution of July, 1776, which also united the offices of Governor and chancellor, and this union continued until the adoption of the present Constitution, which separated these two offices and allowed a Governor to be chosen from any of the professions or vocations of life.

There is no evidence that, prior to 1733, any previous term of study was required as a qualification for admission to the bar. In that year, during the administration of Governor Cosby, it is said by Judge Field, in his work already quoted, "that it was provided by an act, of Assembly that no person should be permitted to practice as an attorney -at -law but such as had served an apprenticeship of at least seven years with some able attorney licensed to practice, or had pursued the study of law for at least four years after coming of full age." If any such law was at that time passed it was no longer in force in 1752, as it dues not appear in "Nevill’s laws," published in that year. The provision referred to by Judge Field was probably contained in the act entitled, "An Act for the better Enforcing an Ordinance made for Establishing of Fees and for Regulating the Practice of the Law," which was disallowed by the King in Council April 3, 1785. Whatever has been done since that time to keep "persons of mean parts and slender attainments" out of the profession has been done not by acts of the Legislature, but by the rules of the Supreme Court.

The lawyers of New Jersey were the first among all the inhabitants of the American colonies to resist systematically those oppressive measures on the part of England which led to the Declaration of Independence and the War of the Revolution. The first of the most odious of these measures was the Stamp Act, which was passed by the British Parliament March 22, 1765. Before the stamps had yet arrived from England the members of the bar, at the September Term of the Supreme Court (1765), held at Amboy, met and resolved unanimously that they would not use the stamps under any circumstances or for any purpose whatsoever. When, at length, the stamps arrived, the lawyers refused to purchase them, and, as a matter of course, the courts of justice were all closed throughout New Jersey. Great inconvenience and great dissatisfaction was the result, not only in New Jersey, but in other colonies where the example of the Jersey lawyers had been followed. The people complained and societies were everywhere organized under the name of "Sons of Liberty," who urged the lawyers to go on with their business without the use of stamps. Of the lawyers, some were in favor of so doing and others were opposed. A general meeting of the bar was now called and held in New Brunswick, February 13, 1766, and hundreds of the Sons of Liberty were present to encourage the lawyers to disregard this tyrannical act of Parliament, and to have the courts of justice once more opened. The result was that the meeting resolved that if the Stamp Act was not repealed by the 1st of April following, they would resume their practice as usual. The British government, not ignorant of this bold stand taken by the lawyers of New Jersey, repealed the odious act before the day arrived when they would have bid Parliament defiance.

CHIEF JUSTICES OF THE COLONIAL SUPREME COURT OF NEW JERSEY. - Under the first Constitution - that is, during the provincial period of our history - no such office existed, nor was there any court corresponding exactly with the Supreme Court erected under the ordinance promulgated by Lord Cornbury in 1704. It was under this ordinance that the office was created, and the first session of the Supreme Court of New Jersey was held at Burlington on the 7th day of November, 1740. On that day the first chief justice of New Jersey, Roger Mompesson, took his seat upon the bench, with William Pinhorne beside him as associate judge. Their commissions were read and the court then adjourned till the next day, when the sheriff of Burlington County returned a grand jury, and a charge to them was delivered by the chief justice.

The business of that session was, however, very light. Not even one indictment was found; nor was there a single case ready for trial. Some gentlemen, nevertheless, had the courage to seek admission to the bar and were admitted. The court then adjourned to the first Tuesday of May succeeding.

CHIEF JUSTICES OF NEW JERSEY DURING AND AFTER THE REVOLUTION. - After the adoption of the Constitution of 1776 considerable difficulty was experienced in organizing the courts of the new State. The Legislature, in joint meeting, elected Richard Stockton, an eminent lawyer and patriot, as chief justice of the Supreme Court, but he declined the appointment. A few days afterwards, September 4, 1776, the same body elected John De Hart to that high office, and although he accepted it, he finally declined to enter upon its duties. On the same day Samuel Tucker and Francis Hopkinson were elected associate justices. Mr. Hopkinson, who was at the time a delegate to the Continental Congress, declined; but Mr. Tucker accepted, and taking the oath of office, held a term of court in November following. The regular terms of the court just prior to this time having been interrupted, acts of Assembly were passed reviving and continuing the process and proceedings depending therein. Mr. Tucker did not continue long upon the bench. A difficulty arose between him and Governor Livingstone in regard to the disappearance of a large amount of paper currency and other property in Mr. Tucker’s custody as State treasurer. Mr. Tucker’s allegation that he had been robbed of it by a party of British horsemen, who had taken him prisoner, was disputed by Governor Livingstone and thereupon Mr. Tucker resigned his commission.

ASSOCIATE JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT. - The Constitution of New Jersey adopted July 2, 1776, makes no mention of the Supreme Court except to declare that "The Judges of the Supreme Court shall continue in office for seven years." Who these judges might be, or how many, does not appear and is not provided for. It is true that this Constitution provides: "Section XXI. That all the Laws of this province contained in the edition lately published by Mr. Allison (January 1, 1776) shall be and remain in full force, until altered by the Legislature of this colony (such only excepted as are incompatible with this charter), and shall be, according as heretofore, regarded in all respects by all civil officers and others, the good people of this province." What appears to be the first act passed by the first Legislature under the Constitution is as follows: "Be it therefore enacted by the Council and General Assembly of this State, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, that the several Courts of Law and Equity of this State shall be confirmed and established and continued to be held with like powers under the present government as they were held at and before the Declaration of Independence lately made by the honorable the Continental Congress."

There can be but little doubt that between October 2, 1704, and November 6, 1705, the Supreme Court was composed of a chief justice and one associate justice, Mompesson and Pinhorne. Judge Field, in his "Provincial Courts of New Jersey," says that they "were the only judges during the administration of Lord Cornbury." These two gentlemen were certainly on the bench during all that period, which terminated in 1708; but the records of the Supreme Court show that on November 6, 1705, two associate judges were appointed, and that on November 6, 1706, another associate justice was appointed, showing that the number of justices was not confined to two. To what number the judges composing the Supreme Court were limited does not appear in the ordinance of Cornbury of 1704, nor in the ordinance of Hunter, of 1714, nor in the ordinance of Burnet, of 1724, 1725 and 1728. That this court was limited to a chief justice and two associates until 1798 cannot be doubted. In that year it was made, by an act of the General Assembly, to consist of a chief justice and three associate justices. On the 10th of March, 1806, this act was repealed and the number of associate justices was reduced to two. In 1838 the number was increased to four, in 1855 it was increased to six, and in 1875 to eight.

The first division of the territory of West New Jersey was into that of two counties - Salem and Burlington, - but the people about Arwamaumas (Gloucester) and the adjacent territory, feeling that the courts and offices were so far away, assembled themselves at Gloucester (May 28, 1686) and established the County of Gloucester, to consist of the third and fourth tenths, and extending from Pensaukin Creek to Oldmans Creek. In 1694 this action of the inhabitants received legislative sanction and the same boundaries were established. In 1844 the third tenth (with the addition of Washington township) was erected into the County of Camden; but as the townships of Washington and Monroe have since been annexed to Gloucester County the third or Irish tenth now constitutes Camden County.

THE COURTS OF CAMDEN COUNTY. - The early courts of old Gloucester County, which of course had jurisdiction over the territory now included in Camden, are described on page 31, et sequiter, of this volume. The first court held in Camden County appears to have been the March Term of the Oyer and Terminer, 1845, and the following is the first entry upon the record:

"Tuesday, March 25, Court met at 10 A.M.
     "Present, -
     "The Hon. Thomas P. Carpenter as judge, Isaac Cole, James W. Sloan, Joseph C. Collins, Joseph C. Stafford, Nathan M. Lippincott, William Brown, Joel Wood & others, Judges.
     "After the usual proclamation court was opened. The Grand jury being called, the following persons appeared and were duly qualified, viz.:

"And being charged by Judge Carpenter, they retired to their chamber with Samuel C. Fox and John Lawrence, Constables, to attend them."

The first cause tried in the Court of Oyer aid Terminer was The State vs. Charles May, Benjamin Jenkins and Edward Jenkins, an indictment for assault and battery on Isaac Shrive. The attorney-general appeared for the prosecution and Thomas W. Mulford for the defendants. The suit resulted in the conviction of the defendants. The jury in this case consisted of Mark Burrough, Enoch Tomlin, James G. Capewell, John Stafford, Elias Campbell, Azall M. Roberts, William J. Hatch, Josiah H. Tics, Alexander Wolohon, Daniel Albertson, Aaron Middleton and Charles Wilson.

In the Court of Quarter Sessions, the November Term, 1845, was the first court; opened at half-past nine o’clock on the 10th of the month; present, Isaac Cole, presiding, James W. Sloan, Joseph C. Collins, Nathan M. Lippincott, Joel Wood, Joshua Sickler and William Brown, lay judges. The first case brought was the State vs. William Cox, for assault and battery on William Hugg. Abraham Browning Esq., appeared as attorney-general for the State and James B. Dayton, Esq., for the defendant. The jury was composed of the following persons, viz.: Joseph Warner, Isaac H. Tomlinson, John A. Ware, Joseph K. Rogers, Joseph Barrett, John Newton, Jacob Haines, James Dobbs, Chalkley Haines, Randall Nicholson, Jacob Middleton, William Wannan. They found the defendant not guilty.

The records of the Circuit Court prior to 1852 have been lost, and hence the exact date of its first session cannot be given, but one was doubtless held in 1845.

The present Court of Errors and Appeals, the last resort in all causes in New Jersey, was created by the new Constitution in 1844. It is composed of the chancellor, the justices of the Supreme Court and six other judges specially appointed for that court, who are usually laymen. John Clement, of Haddonfield, Camden County, has been a lay member of this court since the year 1864, when he was first appointed.

The Supreme Court is composed of nine justices, and the State is divided into the same number of judicial districts, allotted among the several justices. Camden County is in the Second District, at this time presided over by Justice Joel Parker. Each Supreme Court justice is sole judge of the Circuit Court and ex-officio presiding judge of all the other County Courts in his district.

The Inferior Court of Common Pleas is presided over by the law judge appointed for the county exclusive of the justices of the Supreme Court. Prior to the adoption of the new Constitution there was no limit to the number of judges appointed for the Court of Common Pleas, and in some counties they numbered thirty or more judges not learned in the law, any one of whom alone could hold the court. But Sec. 6 of Art VI of the new Constitution provided that there should be no more than live judges of this court, and in 1855 the Legislature fixed the number exclusive of the justice of the Supreme Court at three.

The Court of Oyer and Terminer is composed of the justice of the Supreme Court and one or more of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas. It cannot be held without the justice of the Supreme Court. The Court of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace is composed of two or more of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas and does not require the presence of the Supreme Court justice.

Formerly all the county judges, excepting the justices of the Supreme Court, were laymen, and it was then the practice of such justices to preside in all the County Courts in all cases except some of the least importance.

March 9, 1869, the Legislature passed an act entitled, "An Act to facilitate Judicial proceedings in the county of Camden," empowering any two judges of the Court of Common Pleas to try all persons charged with offenses (excepting a few of the highest) who were willing to forego the right of indictment and trial by jury. At the time of the enactment Asa P. Homer, a farmer of Camden County, was the senior lay judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Camden County, and to him fell the duty of commencing the work of the special sessions without the intervention of the jury, and for several years a very brisk business was done in the new special court which had no regular terms, but was called to sit whenever the prosecutor of the pleas had enough persons charged with offenses willing to be tried by the court without a jury, to justify it, which was quite frequent.

The business of the several County Courts increased to such an extent that in 1872 a supplement was passed to the act of 1869, providing that one of the three judges of the Court of Common Pleas of Camden County should be a counselor-at-law, and since that date Camden County has had a special law judge to preside in the Courts of Common Pleas, the Orphans Court and the General and Special Courts of Quarter Sessions of the Peace. And now the Supreme Court justice seldom sits in any Camden County court except the Circuit Court and in the Court of Oyer and Terminer, in which he is required to sit for the trial of treason and criminal homicide cases, which cannot be tried in the Quarter Sessions.

The District Court of the City of Camden was created by an act of the Legislature passed March 9, 1877, entitled, "An act for constituting courts in certain cities of this State." This court was given exclusive jurisdiction in all civil causes prior to its creation cognizable before justices of the peace. Richard T. Miller was appointed as the first judge of this court and on the expiration of the first term was reappointed.

LAY JUDGES. - Following is a list of the lay judges from the organization of the county to 1886:

1844. - Isaac Cole, James W. Sloan, Joseph C. Collings, Joseph C. Stafford, Nathan M. Lippincott, William Brown, Joel Wood, John K. Cowperthwaite, Joel G. Clark, Joshua Sickler.

1850. - Philip J. Grey, Benjamin W. Cooper, Richard W. Snowden, Jesse Peterson, James W. Lamb.

1851. - Philip J. Grey, Richard W. Snowden, Jesse Peterson, Benjamin W. Cooper, John K. Cowperthwaite.

1852. - Jesse Peterson, Philip J. Grey, Benjamin W. Cooper, John K. Cowperthwaite, William Brown.

1853. - Philip J. Grey, Benjamin W. Cooper, John K Cowperthwaite, William Brown, Joseph C. Stafford.

1854. - Philip J. Grey, John K. Cowperthwaite, William Brown, Joseph C. Stafford, John Clement, Jr.

PROSECUTORS OF THE PLEAS.
Abraham Browning.	1844 - 1849
Edward N. Jeffers.*	1849-1852
Thomas W. Mulford.	1854-1859
George M. Robeson.	1859-1864
Richard S. Jenkins.	1864-1884
Wilson H. Jenkins.	1884-
* Edward N. Jeffers died in 1852, and the county was without a prosecutor until 1854.

LIST OF ATTORNEYS.
	Dates of admission.
William N. Jeffers.	November, 1814
Thomas Chapman.	November, 1815
Jeremiah H. Sloan.	February, 1821
Morris Croxall.	September, 1821
Richard W. Howell.	September, 1827’
Robert K. Matlack.	November, 1827
Abraham Browning.	September, 1834
William D. Cooper.	February, 1841
Morris R. Hamilton.	September, 1842
Thomas W. Mulford.	November, 1843
Zanies B. Dayton.	September, 1844
Thomas H. Dudley.	May, 1845
Isaac Mickle.	May, 1845
Charles H. Hollinshead.	April, 1846
Daniel E. Hough.	July, 1849
Alfred Hugg.	October, 1849
Charles W. Kinsey.	October, 1849
Isaac W. Mickle.	January, 1850
Philip H. Mulford.	January, 1851
Peter L. Voorhees.	November, 1851
Charles P. Stratton	November, 1851
George M. Robeson.	February, 1854
Richard S. Jenkins.	November, 1855
Lindley H. Miller.	November, 1855
Marmaduke B. Taylor.	November, 1856
James M. Scovel.	November, 1856
Alden C. Scovel.	November, 1856
Gilbert G. Hannah.	February, 1857
Philip S. Scovel.	February, 1857
Samuel H. Grey.	November, 1857
Jacob Mulford.	June, 1858
John T. F. Peak.	November, 1861
Caleb D. Shreve.	November, 1861
Benjamin D. Shreve.	1862
George W. Gilbert.	February, 1863
Samuel C. Cooper.	February, 1863
Joshua L. Howell.	November, 1863
Charles T. Reed.	June, 1865
Charles S. Howell.	June, 1865
J. Eugene Troth.	June, 1866
Martin V. Bergen.	November, 1866
Christopher A. Bergen.	November, 1866
George F. Fort.	November, 1866
Robert M. Browning.	November, 1867
Howard M. Cooper.	November, 1867
Richard T. Miller.	November, 1867
David J. Pancoast.	November, 1868
Samuel Davies.	February, 1869
James P. Young.	November, 1869
George N. Conrow.	November, 1870
Alfred Flanders.	February, 1871
Herbert A. Drake	June, 1871
James E. Hayes	November, 1871
John W. Wright.	1871
Robert F. Stockton, Jr.	February, 1872
James H. Carpenter.	November, 1872
Wilson H. Jenkins.	February, 1878
John H. Fort.	June, 1878
John F. Joline.	November, 1878
Thomas B. Harned.	June, 1874
C.V.D. Joline.	June, 1874
Edward Dudley.	November, 1874
Alexander Gray.	February, 1875
John T. Woodhull.	February, 1875
William C. Dayton.	February, 1875
Thomas E. French.	February, 1870
Peter V. Vorhees.	June, 1876
John K.R. Hewitt.	June, 1876
Samuel D. Bergen.	June, 1876
Augustus F. Richter.	November, 1876
Joseph W. Morgan.	November, 1877
Samuel W. Sparks.	November, 1877
John C. Ten Eyck, Jr.	June, 1878
Timothy S. Middleton.	June, 1878
Lemuel J. Potts.	June, 1878
John W. Westcott.	June, 1878
Charles G. Garrison.	November, 1878
William S. Hoffman.	November, 1878
Henry A. Scovel.	February,1879
William S. Casselman.	June, 1879
Jonas S. Miller.	June, 1879
Franklin C. Woolman.	June, 1879
Karl Langlotz.	June, 1879
Edward A. Armstrong.	February, 1880
Samuel K. Robbins.	June, 1880
John L. Semple.	November, 1880
Samuel P. Jones.	November, 1880
Edmund B. Leaming.	February, 1881
John J. Crandall.	February, 1881
Floranc F. Hogate.	February, 1881
John J. Walsh.	June, 1881
John Harris.	June, 1881
Henry M. Snyder.	June, 1881
Benjamin F.H. Shreve.	June, 1881
Charles I. Wooster.	June, 1881
William W. Woodhull.	June, 1881
Alfred L. Black.	November, 1881
Howard J. Stanger.	June, 1882
John W. Wartman.	June, 1882
Howard Carrow.	June, 1882
Edmund E. Read, Jr.	June, 1882
Samuel W. Beldon.	June, 1882
John F. Harned.	November, 1882
Edward H. Saunders.	November, 1882
Joseph R. Taylor.	November, 1882
Thomas P. Curley.	November, 1882
Robert C. Hutchinson.	February, 1883
Walter P. Blackwood.	February, 1883
Richard S. Ridgway.	November, 1883
Israel Roberts.	November, 1888
George Reynolds.	February, 1884
Samuel N. Shreve.	February, 1884
Ulysses G. Styron.	February, 1885
L. D. Howard Gilmour	February, 1885
George A. Vroom.	June, 1885
Joshua E. Borton.	November, 1885
William P. Fowler.	November, 1885
Schuyler C. Woodhull	February, 1886
Pennington T. Hildreth	June, 1886

THOMAS PASTOR CARPENTER was a lineal descendant of Samuel Carpenter, prominent in the early history of Pennsylvania. He was born April 19, 1804, at Glassboro’, New Jersey.

His father, Edward Carpenter, was the owner of the glass-works at that place for many years, which he and Colonel Heston, as the firm of Carpenter & Heston, established. His mother was the daughter of Dr. James Stratton, a leading physician of his day at Swedesboro’. His father died when he was quite young and he grew to manhood in the family of his grandfather, at Carpenters Landing (now Mantua). After obtaining a liberal education he studied law under the instruction of Judge White, of Woodbury, and was admitted as an attorney in September, 1830. On October 26, 1838, he was appointed prosecutor of the pleas of Gloucester County and took a prominent part in several important trials.

He soon won prominence at the bar and on February 5, 1845, he was appointed by Governor Stratton one of the associate justices of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, his circuit comprising Camden, Burlington and Gloucester Counties. On his retirement from the judgeship, after serving a term of seven years, he devoted himself to the practice of his profession, principally as a counselor, and was eminently successful.

At the breaking out of the Rebellion he joined the Union League of Philadelphia, and during the war was an ardent supporter of the Union cause. In 1865 he was active in promoting the success of the Sanitary Fair, occupying as he did the position of president of the New Jersey Department. Judge Carpenter married Rebecca, daughter of Dr. Samuel Hopkins, of Woodbury. He was an earnest Christian and in the church always held an honored position, being for many years vestryman, warden and deputy to the Diocesan and General Conventions of the Protestant Episcopal Church.

He was not only an able lawyer, but was well versed in the classics and in general literature. He was greatly respected throughout the State of New Jersey, of which he was at the time of his death one of her best-known citizens. As a judge of the Supreme Court he was held in high esteem by his associates and by the bar of the State for his ability, learning and for the uniform good judgment which he brought to the consideration of cases, in the counties where he presided at circuits, and which he visited during his term of office at regular periods, his genial manners and kindly intercourse with the people made him very popular. He died at his home in Camden March 20, 1876.

By his marriage with Rebecca Hopkins, who still survives, he had four children, viz.: Susan M. Carpenter, Anna Stratton Carpenter (who died in December, 1869), Thomas Preston Carpenter (who died during infancy), and James H. Carpenter, now a member of the Camden bar.

STACY GARDINER POTTS was born in Harrisburg, Pa., November, 1799. He was the great-grandson of Thomas Potts, a member of the Society of Friends, who, with Mahlon Stacy and their kindred, emigrated from England in 1678, and landed at Burlington, N.J. The two families of Stacy and Potts intermarried. Stacy Potts, the grandfather of Judge Potts, was a tanner by trade and was engaged in that business at Trenton.

His son removed to Harrisburg, and in 1791 married Miss Gardiner. Judge Potts entered the family of his grandfather in 1808, who was then mayor of Trenton. He attended a Friends’ school and then learned the printer’s trade. At twenty-one he began to edit the Emporium, of Trenton. In 1827 he was admitted to the bar as an attorney. He was elected to the Assembly in 1828 on the Jackson ticket, and was re-elected in 1829. In 1831 he was appointed clerk of Chancery, held the office for ten years, and during that time published his "Precedents in Chancery." He next visited Europe with his brother, the Rev. William S. Potts, D.D., of St. Louis. In 1845 he served on a commission to revise the laws of the State. In 1847 he was appointed a manager of the State Lunatic Asylum. In 1852 he was nominated by Governor Fort as a justice of the Supreme Court and was confirmed by the Senate. His circuit comprised Camden, Burlington, Gloucester and Ocean Counties. He served as judge one term of seven years with great acceptability and then retired to private life. He was a conscientious judge and a decidedly religious man, serving as a ruling elder in the Presbyterian Church for many years. He died at his home in Trenton in 1865.

JOHN VAN DYKE was born in New Jersey and obtained a thorough academical education, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1836. He commenced practice in New Brunswick and at once gained prominence in his profession. He was elected a Representative from New Jersey to the Thirtieth Congress in 1846 as a Whig, against Kirkpatrick, the Democratic opponent. He was re-elected to the Thirty-first Congress, receiving seven thousand two hundred and eighty-two votes against six thousand six hundred and twenty-three for Billian, Democrat, serving in Congress from December, 1847, to March, 1851. He was appointed judge of the Supreme Court of New Jersey by Governor William A. Newell, and assigned to the district composed of Camden, Gloucester and Burlington Counties in February, 1859, and served one term of seven years, until 1866. He was a man of fine legal attainments and was recognized as a good judge.

GEORGE SPOFFORD WOODHULL, associate judge of the Supreme Court of New Jersey from 1866 to 1880, was born near Freehold, Monmouth County, in 1816, and died at his residence, No. 104 Arch Street, Camden, in 1881. His grandfather, John Woodhull, was pastor of a church at Freehold for a period of forty years, and was a man of fine ability, excellent scholarship and noted piety. His father, John T. Woodhull, M.D., was a skillful physician of Monmouth County, and well known throughout the State. The early education of Judge Woodhull was obtained in the schools of his native place, and in 1830 he entered the College of New Jersey, at Princeton. By assiduous study and great natural endowments he completed the course in three years and was graduated in 1833. Desiring to take up the study of law, he began a course of reading under the direction of Richard S. Field, Esq., of Princeton. In 1839 he was admitted to practice and three years later he became a counselor. He practiced his profession at Freehold until 1850 when he removed to Mays Landing, and for fifteen years was prosecutor of the pleas of Atlantic County. He has been credited with changing the political complexion of Atlantic County daring his residence in it. For ten years of the time included above he was prosecutor of the pleas of Cape May County. In 1866 he was appointed, by Governor Ward, as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, and was assigned to the Second District, comprising the counties of Camden, Burlington and Gloucester. He soon gained the reputation of being a fearless, upright and honest judge, and was characterized for superior legal attainments. He developed so much strength and popularity as a judicial officer that, in 1873, Hon. Joel Parker, then Governor of New Jersey, though differing from Justice Woodhull in politics, appointed him assistant justice for another term of seven years, and he continued on the bench until 1880. During his long term of service as a judicial officer his decisions were characterized by fairness and great legal ability.

Upon his retirement from the bench he resumed the practice of law in Camden, which he continued until his death.

In April, 1847, Judge Woodhull was married to Caroline Mandiville Vroom, a niece of ex-Governor Vroom, by whom he had five children. He was a man of excellent standing in the State of New Jersey, possessing an exemplary character, and was highly honored and respected by the members of his profession as well as by all people with whom he was associated or by whom he was known.

JOEL PARKER, now one of the justices of the Supreme Court of New Jersey, was born November 24, 1816, near Freehold, Monmouth County, N.J. Both his parents were natives of that county. His father, Charles Parker, was a man of excellent business capacity, and, at the time his son was born, was sheriff of the county, and subsequently he was a member of the Legislature, and in 1821 was chosen treasurer of the State, an office which he held for thirteen years, through annual appointments. In 1821 Charles Parker removed to Trenton with his family, and in that city Joel, his son, passed most of his childhood and youth, attending school at the old Trenton Academy. In 1832 Joel was sent to Monmouth County, to manage a farm belonging to his father, where he remained two years, doing all kinds of farming work and laying the foundation of a vigorous constitution, which, during a long life of busy toil, has enabled him to perform his onerous duties. In 1834 he quit fanning and entered the Lawrenceville High School, where he remained two years. In 1836 he entered Princeton College, whence he was graduated in 1839, and then entered the law-office of Hon. Henry W. Green, a distinguished lawyer in Trenton, afterwards chief justice, and later chancellor of the State. In 1843 Joel Parker, having been admitted to the bar, removed to Freehold and opened a law-office. He has since maintained his residence there, and for forty years has lived in the same house. Within a year after he entered on the practice of his profession he married Maria M., eldest daughter of Samuel R. Gummere, then of Trenton, but formerly of Burlington, N.J.

Joel Parker has always been a member of the Democratic party. In 1840 he cast his first vote for Martin Van Buren for President. In 1844 he commenced his career as a political speaker, in the Presidential campaign which resulted in the election of James K. Polk. From that time till his appointment as justice his services on the stump were sought and given, not only throughout this State, but in adjoining States. In 1847 he was elected a member of the House of Assembly. The Whig party had a large majority in the House. Being the only lawyer on the Democratic side, he was forced into the leadership of the minority, especially on all subjects of a legal or political bearing, and, although the youngest member of the body, he sustained his position with discretion and ability. He framed and introduced a series of reform measures, the most important of which was a bill to equalize taxation, by which, for the first time in the history of the State, personality - such as notes, bonds, mortgages and money - were to be taxed. At that time taxes were assessed only on land and property, called certainties, such as horses and cattle, so that the farmers were paying nearly all the taxes. This measure, advocated by Mr. Parker, was popular, and when his speech on the subject was published, public attention was attracted to him as a rising man. At the next gubernatorial election, in 1850, George F. Fort was elected Governor by the Democrats on a platform which had adopted those reform measures. In the following year Mr. Parker declined being a candidate for State Senator (the nomination to which he was solicited to accept), because it would interfere with his law business, which was increasing. Soon after the inauguration of Governor Fort he appointed Mr. Parker prosecutor of the pleas of the county of Monmouth. His duties growing out of this position brought him in contact and conflict with some of the ablest lawyers of the State. In the celebrated Donnelly case (which is the leading case on dying declarations) he was assisted by the Hon. William L. Dayton, then attorney-general of the State, while the prisoner was defended by ex-Governor William Pennington and Joseph P. Bradley, now a justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. In 1860 Mr. Parker was chosen a Presidential elector, and voted in the Electoral College for Stephen A. Douglas.

From an early date he had taken an interest in military matters. Several years before the Civil War he had been chosen by the field officers of the Monmouth and Ocean Brigade a brigadier-general. Before hostilities began he had a fine brigade of uniformed men, and he was accustomed, at stated periods, to drill them. After the commencement of the war Governor Olden (Republican) nominated General Parker to be the major-general of militia for the Second Military District, composed of five counties. He was confirmed unanimously by the Senate, accepted the appointment and assisted in raising men for United States’ service, to put down the Rebellion. He aided materially in raising several regiments, principally composed of men who had belonged to his brigade. In 1862 General Parker was nominated by the Democratic Convention as Governor of the State, and was elected over a very popular opponent by nearly fifteen thousand majority. He adhered, during his term, to the principle of the platform on which he was elected, to wit, - "The suppression of the Rebellion by all constitutional means."

He was very active in obtaining volunteers and in equipping them thoroughly for the field. By this promptness he won the good opinion of all loyal men and was thanked by telegram from President Lincoln and Secretary Stanton and Governor Curtin. In commendation of his course, he has received the appellation of "War Governor" of New Jersey. When the Confederate army invaded Pennsylvania in 1863, the national authorities and also Governor Curtin called on Governor Parker for troops to repel the invaders. He responded with such great alacrity as to bring forth from the Federal authorities thanks and commendation. Governor Curtin wrote, "Permit me to thank you for your prompt attention," and again on the 24th day of June, 1863, "I cannot close this communication without expressing to you the thanks of the people of Pennsylvania for your promptness in responding to our calls," and on the 30th of the same month President Lincoln sent to Governor Parker the following telegram: "Please accept my sincere thanks for what you have done and are doing to get troops forwarded." The next year, when the State of Maryland was invaded, Governor Parker acted in the same spirit of promptness. The communication with Washington was cut off by the enemy and a call could not officially be made upon him for troops, but he anticipated a call and sent troops forward in time to render valuable aid. At the close of his administration the State Gazette, the central organ of the Republican party in the State, used the following language, viz.: "Of the retiring Governor it is proper to remark that in many respects he has discharged his duties in a manner beyond censure. He was nominated on a platform that pledged support to the United States government in the war for the suppression of the Rebellion, and he was faithful to the pledge he gave in accepting the nomination," and in the same article "efforts were made to induce him to resist the conscription; he steadily refused to do this, but, on the contrary, made use of every effort to equip and send off the State’s quota of troops at the earliest possible day; we regard it as fortunate that Mr. Parker was selected as the Democratic candidate for Governor in 1862." He was in office at the close of the war and under his guidance a hearty welcome, with a good dinner, was given to all returning regiments by the State at the city of Trenton, before mustered out, - a fact which distinguishes New Jersey from all her sister States. During the war the Governor had a large patronage. He had the power of appointment of all officers in New Jersey regiments below the rank of general. These amounted to many hundreds, for battle and disease made dire havoc of the noble soldiers. In all this vast patronage not an officer was appointed or promoted for political reasons. The Governor acted on the principle that when a man took up arms and risked his life for his country on the battle-field, if he had earned and deserved promotion, he should be promoted without regard to his party predilection.

At the close of his term of office Governor Parker resumed the practice of his profession, and for the next six years enjoyed a lucrative business. He was engaged in most of the cases of importance in Monmouth and the adjoining counties. In 1871 he was again nominated by the Democratic Convention for the office of Governor by acclamation, and was elected by a large majority, running several thousand votes ahead of his ticket. His second term was a very busy one, and although not so eventful as the first, yet had much to distinguish it. The militia of the State were placed on a permanent basis and vastly improved in discipline and efficiency. The General Railroad law was passed, whereby monopoly was abolished, and the amendments of the Constitution adopted.

In 1868, Governor Parker received in the National Democratic Convention, held in New York, the unanimous vote of his State delegation for nomination as President of the United States, also the vote of two States on the Pacific slope; and again in 1876, at St. Louis, he received the votes of the New Jersey delegation. In the year last named he was placed at the head of the Democratic electoral ticket, was elected and voted for Samuel J. Tilden in the Electoral College. At the close of his second term as Governor he was nominated by Governor Bedle (who succeeded him) as attorney general of the State. This office at that time had not been placed upon a pecuniary basis, that justified his retaining it, and he found that it interfered so much with his general business, that in a few months he resigned.

In 1880, General McClellan, then Governor of New Jersey, nominated ex-Governor Parker as a justice of the Supreme Court. He was confirmed, and in March of that year entered upon the duties of the office. He was assigned to the Second Judicial District, composed of the counties of Camden, Burlington and Gloucester. The district is a hard one, on account of the vast amount of legal business which requires attention; but Judge Parker, by industry and devotion to business, by fairness and impartiality in looking at both sides of every case, and by his courtesy of manner to the members of the bar and to all who came in contact with him, has given great satisfaction and in his official position enjoyed the respect of the community. While he has always been a consistent Democrat, Governor Parker has never been an extreme partisan. In the various business boards, educational and otherwise, he made it a rule to appoint members of both political parties. He is a believer in a nonpartisan judiciary and during his last gubernatorial term he nominated three Republican justices to the Supreme Court and two Republican judges of the Court of Appeals, leaving each court still with a majority of Democrats. His non-partisan appointments gave Governor Parker great popularity among the better class of both parties. His appointees to office have uniformly been men of high character and ability. At the close of his last term as Governor, out of fourteen judges of the Court of Errors and Appeals, then composing the court, ten had been originally appointed by Governor Parker.

In private life Joel Parker is much esteemed as a neighbor and friend. He is a good citizen and among the first to espouse any enterprise looking to the improvement and advancement of the community where he resides. For the last few years he has resided with his family during the winter either at Camden or Mt. Holly, in order to accommodate the public and be nearer his work. The wife of the judge, a highly educated and accomplished lady, is living. They have had four children who reached the age of majority, viz.: Elizabeth, still living; Charles, a lawyer and president of a bank at Manasquan; Helen, who died of consumption in 1879; and Frederick, a lawyer, residing at Freehold.

CHARLES P. STRATTON, the first president law judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Camden County, was born at Bridgeton, Cumberland County, N.J., in 1827, and died of malarial fever in Camden July 30, 1884, soon after his return from a trip to Europe. He was graduated from the College of New Jersey, at Princeton, in 1848, and read law under the instruction of Hon. L.Q.C. Elmer, and was admitted to the bar as an attorney in January, 1851; was made a counselor in 1854, and the same year removed to Camden. He continued to practice his profession with great success in Camden County, and in recognition of his ability as a lawyer, upon passage of a special act of the Legislature creating the office of law judge for Camden County, to take effect in 1872, he was appointed by Governor Marcus L. Ward to fill that position for the term of five years. He performed the responsibilities incumbent upon him as a judge until the expiration of his term and the appointment of a successor, when he again resumed the practice of law in Camden until the time of his death. He left a widow and four children.

He served two years in the City Council, as a member from the First Ward, and was made one of the trustees of the Cooper Hospital Fund. He was also a director in the Camden Safe Deposit and Trust Company, the New National Bank at Bridgeton, the West Jersey Railroad Company and the Camden and Philadelphia Ferry Company. He was by nature adapted to the office of judge and presided over the court with great acceptability.

DAVID J. PANCOAST, was born near Woodbury, Gloucester County, N.J., September 21, 1843. His father, James Pancoast, who married Hope Lippincott, was a farmer by occupation, and the son spent his early years on the farm. At the age of thirteen he was sent to London Grove Friends’ School, near Kennett Square, Chester County, Pa., afterwards to Freeland Seminary, in Montgomery County, and later to an academy at Carversville, Bucks County. He continued his studies in the Pennsylvania State Normal School, at Millersville, and in 1864 entered the Law Department of Harvard University, at which institution he spent nearly two years.

He completed his legal studies in the office of James B. Dayton, of Camden, and was admitted to the bar as an attorney November 5, 1868, and in 1871 was made a counselor. When he first became a member of the Camden bar his preceptor, Mr. Dayton, was preparing to retire from an extended practice, whereupon he turned over to Mr. Pancoast much of his litigated business.

Chancellor Runyon, on March 8, 1875, appointed him special master in Chancery, and on April 1, 1877, he was elevated to the bench, being appointed president judge of the Court of Common Pleas in Camden County by Governor Joseph D. Bedle. He filled the term of five years with recognized ability, in 1873 Judge Pancoast was admitted to practice in the United States Court of New Jersey, and also the United States Circuit Court and the Supreme Court of the United States.

CHARLES T. REED, the third law judge of the Camden County Courts, was born in Trenton, N.J., in 1843. He obtained a preparatory education at the Academy, the High School and the Model School, of that city, and afterwards entered the Wesleyan University, at Middletown, Conn., from which institution he was graduated. He soon thereafter entered the office of Hon. Thomas P. Carpenter, of Camden, as a student-at -law, was admitted to the bar as an attorney in 1865, and as a counselor in 1868. He practiced law with success until 1882, during which years he was appointed by Governor Ludlow, president law judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Camden County. After serving about three years of his term he died, at the early age of forty-two, from a violent attack of typhoid fever, on Saturday evening, February 7, 1885. Judge Reed was married to Miss Emma Craft, of Philadelphia, who survived him. He left no descendants.

JOHN W. WESTCOTT was born at Waterford, Camden County, and his early life was spent in the glass factory in his native town. He attended a preparatory school in Massachusetts, and went from thence to Yale College. When he had completed his College course, he read law with the Honorable Dexter R. Wright, of New Haven, and then entered his name in the office of Samuel H. Grey, Esq., of Camden, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar, as an attorney, in 1879, and three years later admitted as a counselor-at-law. At the death of Charles T. Reed, Presiding judge of the Court of Common Pleas, of Camden County, Governor Abbett appointed Mr. Westcott to the unexpired term of Judge Reed, a position he has since filled with ability. Twice Judge Westcott has been before the people as a candidate of his party, once as the nominee for the State Senate in 1884, and in 1886 was made the unanimous choice of his party as a candidate for Congress in the First Congressional District.

JOHN CLEMENT judge of the Court of Errors and Appeals, son of John and Hannah (Chew) Clement, was born November 8, A.D. 1818, in Haddonfield, New Jersey. At that time his father was in the midst of an active business life, constantly engaged in the surveying of land, the settlement of disputed boundaries and the division of real estate, and it is possible that the subject of this sketch cannot remember when he first heard questions discussed that were thus involved. It may be said that his education as a surveyor, and his familiarity with matters pertaining thereto, began in his infancy and grew with him to manhood. As his years increased and the physical as well as the mental labor attendant upon the fieldwork of surveying became a tax upon his strength and endurance, the father gradually gave place to the son, with the benefit of his experience, the use of his papers and the influence of his reputation. These were advantages not to be disregarded, and with the introduction of new and improved instruments, he filled the place thus left vacant, and has pursued the same calling for some forty years. As the value of land increased it was demanded that some evidence of the title to real estate should be shown, which, although it increased the labor and responsibility of the conveyancer, yet were entirely legitimate and proper inquiries to be answered.

In 1851, and upon his father’s resignation, he was chosen a member of the Council of Proprietors of West New Jersey, the duties of which, and the records there found, led to much instruction in the history of titles to land in the State. At the annual meeting of that body in 1885 he was elected president, and has so acted since that time.

In 1854 he was appointed one of the associate judges of the several courts of Camden County, and reappointed in 1860. Many interesting cases were heard and disposed of during his term of office, from which he derived much valuable information as applicable to his line of business. In 1864 he was appointed by Governor Joel Parker one of the lay judges of the Court of Errors and Appeals of the State of New Jersey, sitting at Trenton. Being the court of last resort in all cases, the most important ones only reach that tribunal, and are there disposed of. The Court of Pardons, consisting of the Governor, chancellor and the six lay judges of the Court of Errors and Appeals, has many delicate duties, involving care and prudence in their discharge.

Having, by this promotion, access to the several offices of record at the capital, a new field of research was opened, which he eagerly entered upon. Examining each book page by page, a mine of historical knowledge was developed, which yielded ample reward for all the labor, and has proved invaluable in establishing titles to land, settling genealogical questions and strengthening facts heretofore regarded as traditional.

In 1877 John Clement was appointed by Governor Joseph D. Bedle one of three commissioners to examine into the prison system of the State and suggest any improvement in the same, and in 1879 was appointed by Governor George B. McClellan upon a commission to "prepare a system of general laws for the government of municipalities heretofore or hereafter to be incorporated in this State."

As a member of the Surveyors’ Association of West New Jersey, which was organized in 1864, he has always been active from its inception. This society has been a success and accomplished its purposes fully. The social intercourse and interchange of sentiment and opinion among the members is of great advantage and the valuable papers read have saved many points of history relating to the southern part of the State from loss.

He is author of several articles printed in magazines and newspapers relating to historical subjects, and in 1877 published a volume of five hundred and fifty pages, containing sketches of the first settlers in his native township. Apart from the errors incident to such work, it is found to be useful and of interest to such as are in search of their ancestors. In 1885, he was appointed by the Supreme Court of New Jersey, as one of the commissioners to settle a disputed line between the counties of Burlington and Atlantic, which was accomplished the same year.

Judge Clement has an extensive knowledge of the early history of West New Jersey, and has been unceasing in his interest in the preparation of the "History of Camden County" as embraced in this volume. By his wise counsel and efficient aid, the author and publishers of this History have been greatly enabled to furnish to the people of Camden County the work in its present exhaustive and complete form.

JOHN CLEMENT, SR., was born in Haddonfield, N.J., on the 10th day of September. A.D. 1769, and was the eldest of the two children of Nathaniel and Abigail (Rowand) Clement. He had a distinct recollection of many incidents of the Revolutionary War that occurred in his native town. His opportunities for education were limited, but with a fondness for study, the assistance of his parents and diligent application, he managed to overcome the primary branches and obtain some knowledge of mathematics. When quite a young man he fancied a seafaring life would suit him, but a trip from Philadelphia to the Lower Delaware Bay during a severe wind-storm convinced him that he was not of those "who go down to the sea in ships." The first public office held by John Clement was that of constable for the township of Newton, in Gloucester County, and it was brought about in this wise. At the town-meeting of March 19, 1790, the following entry was made:
"It being deemed by the town to be Nathaniel Clement’s turn to serve as constable for the ensuing year, the meeting agreed that he shall have liberty to propose a person to serve in said office in his stead: and the said Nathaniel producing to said meeting his son John Clement, it was agreed he shall be appointed to said office."

This appointment was made about six months before he attained his majority, and was done to relieve his father of the duties of the office. He was at various times freeholder, committeeman and surveyor of highways, and claimed it was the duty of every tax-payer to serve the township to prevent the waste of money. His military career extended through many years of his life. From a private in one of the uniformed companies of the county, he was in 1798 recommended by Lieutenant-Colonel Joshua L. Howell, and appointed by the Governor (Richard Howell) as adjutant of the Second Regiment of the Gloucester Militia. In the War of 1812 he had a place on the staff of General Elmer, with rank of major, and was employed in laying out the camp at Billingsport and opening roads to it.

He also acted as paymaster, and upon the discharge of the troops went into each of the counties of West Jersey to pay the soldiers. The pay-rolls of the several companies show the signatures of each private upon the receipt of his money. These papers, in good preservation, are now in possession of the adjutant-general at Trenton, where they can be examined by those curious in such matters. Very useful they have been to prove the service of many soldiers, whose papers had been lost, when they or their widows made application for pensions.

In 1824 he was appointed colonel of the Second Regiment of the Gloucester Brigade, and ranked as such officer until 1837, when he was advanced to the position of brigadier-general of the Gloucester Brigade, and took

the oath of office the same year. Upon the separation of Camden County from Old Gloucester, in 1844, he was continued in the same rank, but refused every position, civil or military, under the new dispensation. He become a practical surveyor when a young man, and was so engaged the most of his active business life. His field-books, maps and memoranda collected during that time show his care and industry. In 1809 he become a member of the Council of Proprietors of West Jersey, which body sat at Burlington four times each year. In 1813 he was made a deputy surveyor, and in 1816 elected vice-president of the board. In 1832, and upon the death of William Irick, he was chosen president of the Board of Proprietors, and so remained until his resignation as a member, in 1851.

In 1799 he was appointed collector of the revenue for the federal government in the county of Gloucester, "arising upon domestic distilled spirits and stills, upon sales at auction, upon carriages for the conveyance of persons, upon licenses to retail wines and foreign distilled spirits, upon snuff or snuff-mills and upon refined sugar." This position entailed upon him much labor and responsibility, the territory being large and the settlements in many parts, long distances from each other. How long he discharged the duties does not appear.

In the same year (1799) he received his first commission as justice of the peace, the duties of which office he discharged until his advancing years induced him to relinquish it.

He was the first postmaster in Haddonfield, his commission being dated March 22, 1803. This was the second year of the first term of Thomas Jefferson’s administration as President of the United States, and shadows his political inclinations at that time.

In 1805 he was appointed one of the judges of the several courts of Gloucester County. His punctuality in attendance and his business methods soon brought him into notice, and in 1824 he become the presiding officer of the court in the absence of the law judge.

About the year 1822 the subject was agitated as to the building of a canal from the Delaware River at Easton to the Hudson River at Jersey City. The enterprise was at last commenced and much trouble arose with the land-owners where it passed as to damage. April 15, 1830, Chief Justice Charles Ewing appointed John Clement, William N. Shinn and John Patterson commissioners to settle these disputes. In the discharge of this duty they made a report which was accepted by the court and was generally satisfactory.

Of muscular frame, well-developed and healthy, his endurance was remarkable, and he preserved his strength and faculties to a ripe old age. Gradually yielding to the encroachments of an insidious disease and advancing years, he died on the evening of July 4, 1855.

JOHN K. COWPERTHWAITE, who was one of the prominent lay judges of the courts of Camden County, was born in 1787, in the old frame house standing on the east bank of Coopers Creek, between the Federal Street and Pennsylvania Railroad bridges. He removed into the town of Camden in 1820, and, uniting intelligence with integrity, he so won the confidence of the people, that they trusted him almost implicitly, and he was in office continuously during his life, frequently holding several at the same time. He was a magistrate of the county, and, as such, a judge of the County Court, and when justices of the peace ceased to be judges of the County Court he was appointed by the Legislature, term after term, almost without interruption until his death. He was a member of the township committee of Camden township nearly the entire eighteen years of its existence, and was also a member of the Board of Chosen Freeholders. He took an active part in securing the city charter of 1828, and was appointed recorder, serving for twelve years, and served on most of the important committees in Camden City Council. When the mayor was made elective by the people, in 1844, he was the choice, serving one year. He was a candidate for the office in 1851, but was defeated. In the efforts to increase the educational facilities, in 1843, Judge Cowperthwaite took an active part and gave the cause of education material assistance. He early attached himself to the Methodist Church and was one of its pillars, holding various offices and exemplifying its principles in his life. He was the confidant of many, who sought his counsel, and while free in his charities, was unostentatious, and few, save the beneficiaries, knew, when he died, May 6, 1873, how kindly a heart had ceased to beat.

ASA P. HORNER was a thrifty and progressive farmer of Stockton township, and had the confidence of his neighbors in holding many local offices among them. He was twice appointed one of the judges of the Camden County Courts, and discharged his duties acceptably. He was a descendant of one of the old families on "Pea Shore," from whence, in ancient times, Philadelphia was supplied with early vegetables and like produce. The location and soil was adapted to this end, and he was but an indifferent farmer who did not make it profitable. Like other branches of agriculture, this has kept pace with the various improvements made, showing that a few acres well tilled is better than many poorly cultivated. The "trucker" of fifty years ago would refuse to be convinced of any profit, if shown the cost of fertilizers and labor now put upon the land to force the crops and increase the yield. He was an "Old-Line Whig" until the defeat of Henry Clay for President, when he affiliated with the Democratic party and became a prominent man in that division of national politics.

WILLIAM N. JEFFERS was born in Salem County and removed in his youth to Camden. When he grew to manhood he was in stature tall and finely formed, with the exquisite manners of the olden time. He was in politics an ardent apostle of the Democratic faith, and was sent by President Jackson as the American representative to one of the South American States, but he soon returned and resumed the practice & the law.

Mr. Jeffers’ brilliant qualities as a lawyer were recognized all over West Jersey, to which his practice was chiefly confined. His second wife outlived him, but he had no children, and his estate descended to Commander Jeffers, who distinguished himself as an officer of the American navy during the War for the Union; who has frequently been presented with testimonials of great value by other nations, and now lives, after a useful and gallant career, in Washington, as a retired officer of the United States Navy.

THOMAS CHAPMAN was born in Salem County, New Jersey, and from thence removed to Camden, locating his office in Second Street near Plum (now Arch Street), on property belonging to the late Dr. Thomas W. Cullen. Mr. Chapman was a lawyer of solid attainments rather than of brilliant oratory. In fact, the great Judge Parsons, of Massachusetts, said that mere oratory was a hindrance rather than a help to an active and successful practitioner at the bar. But as a counselor, Mr. Chapman had no superior in the select circle of lawyers who then formed the bar of Camden County. Among these was the venerable Josiah Harrison who, late in life, removed from Camden to Woodbury, where he died. Thomas Chapman was a laborious lawyer, faithful to the interests of his clients. He was married happily, but the union was not blessed with children.

One morning, in summer, (Mr. Chapman being nearly sixty years old), the door of the little frame office on Second Street was found open, and Thomas Chapman lying dead at his table, with his books open before him. It is supposed he died of heart disease.

Among the earliest resident lawyers of Camden was MORRIS CROXALL, who was admitted to practice in the Gloucester County courts in September, 1821. He died in Camden, and although prominent in his day, no facts in regard to him, further than here presented, can be procured.

JEREMIAH H. SLOAN, admitted to the bar in 1821, was a distinguished lawyer, who was ten years older than Hon. Abraham Browning, of Camden. He was the cotemporary of Samuel L. Southard, William N Jeffers and Judge John Moore White, who died at Woodbury, N.J., at a good old age, full of years and of honor. Jeremiah Sloan was perhaps the most brilliant lawyer in West Jersey, keen in his perceptions, never a very hard student, but gifted with magnetism of temperament and eloquent in speech, and possessed of fine social qualities which caused him to be warmly welcomed wherever he went.

His professional services were sought for far and wide, and paid for by admiring clients with liberality. Those who best remember him say that he united the wit of Sheridan with the social graces of Charles James Fox, the celebrated English statesman.

He was one of the most remarkable men who ever practiced at the West Jersey bar. His mind was alert, his forensic style witty, humorous and argumentative. He was a quick and accurate judge of character. Heady and skillful in the examination of witnesses, eloquent, persuasive and convincing in addressing a jury, he was well equipped with all the qualities necessary for success at the Nisi Prius, bar, of which he was in his day the accepted leader. Personally he was a man of warm and generous impulses, social, indeed convivial. He was extremely popular and pleasing in manner, and was equally at home at the convivial assemblages of the lawyers, more common in his day than now, or in addressing a court upon the dryest legal proposition. He died at Mount Holly, broken in health and fortune, leaving little behind him but the delightful recollections of his friends and the general reputation of a brilliant character.

RICHARD W. HOWELL was born on a plantation called "Fancy Hill," in Gloucester County. His father and mother were both prominent during the Revolution of 1776, and many are the pleasing tales of generous hospitality to the officers of the patriot army, who were wont to pause at the home of Colonel Howell, and, amidst the joys of an old-time welcome, forget for a day the great struggle for liberty.

Mr. Howell married a sister of Hon. Thomas P. Carpenter, and she still survives her husband and her brother. Richard W. Howell’s mother, like his father, was a remarkable person, and when she found herself a widow, with a large family and an encumbered property, she managed the Howell estate, much of it lying along the Delaware River and including the Howell fishery, so that in a few years it was clear of debt, and at her death there was a handsome estate to divide among the heirs without incumbrance of any kind.

Mr. Howell was early bred to the law, and made a careful, conscientious and successful member of the profession. He was admitted to the New Jersey bar in September, 1827. His office, which he occupied till his death, was a small, one-story room in Plum Street (now Arch), in Camden, built by William N. Jeffers and now owned by Judge Woodhull’s estate.

Richard W. Howell was, like the rest of the Howell family, a gentleman of distinguished appearance. He was possessed of rarely courteous manners and was a laborious lawyer. The ordinances of Camden City Council bear the impress of his legal mind, and he was frequently elected to the Council chamber, and was once mayor of the city.

He left a large family, one of his sons being a well-known physician in Philadelphia, another a successful lawyer, and still another died in battle at the head of his company in the War of the Rebellion.

ROBERT K. MATLOCK, who was a practitioner at the Camden courts immediately after their organization, was born at Woodbury, Gloucester County, January 22, 1804, and was the son of Hon. James Matlock, at one time a member of Congress, whose American ancestor, William Matlock, was among the Friends who settled at Burlington, N.J., about the year 1760. His law preceptor was Charles Chauncey, Esq., of Philadelphia; was admitted as attorney November 15, 1827, and as counselor September 6, 1833. He died April 27, 1877, at his home in Woodbury.

ABRAHAM BROWNING was born July 26, 1808, on his father’s farm, in the vicinity of Camden. The family to which he belongs is one of the oldest in the State of New Jersey. The American founder, George Browning, came immediately from Holland, although of ancient English lineage, about the year 1735, and settled near Pea Shore. George Browning’s son Abraham followed in his father’s footsteps and became a farmer. He married Beulah Genge, who, like himself, was a native of New Jersey, but whose Parents were English, arriving in America from London about the year 1760. From this marriage sprang the subject of this sketch and a numerous progeny. Abraham obtained his earliest education at the country schools in the neighborhood of his home. Possessed of a large capacity for acquiring knowledge, and gifted with a studious temperament, he made most effective use of all his opportunities, and laid a solid foundation, broad and deep, for the superstructure of after-years. After an elementary course thus satisfactorily pursued, he was placed at the academy at Woodbury. From this he was transferred to the popular school of John Gummere, in Burlington. The enlarged advantages here offered Abraham Browning were industriously improved, and he obtained a good English and a limited classical education.

He became a student in the law-office of Hon. Samuel L. Southard, at Trenton, in 1830. At the expiration of a year passed in preliminary study he entered the Law School of Yale College, and, after remaining two years, he entered the office of the well-known Philadelphia lawyer, Charles Chauncey. He was admitted to the bar in September, 1834, and immediately thereafter began to practice his profession in Camden, where he has ever since resided, laboring in his chosen career. He early became noted for the care and ability with which the business intrusted to his care was managed, and, as a natural consequence, he made steady and rapid progress through the ranks. With clear perception, a well-trained and well-stored mind, to which constant study was ever bringing valuable contributions, indomitable industry and never-tiring investigation of detail, he obtained so thorough a mastery over his cases as to be almost invincible when he advised contest. Nowhere in the ranks of the profession could a harder student have been found; not one among the aspirants to similar fame devoted more faithful and painstaking labor to his client’s interests than he has done. His aid has been sought in many important issues beyond the borders & New Jersey, and his reputation is national. As a constitutional lawyer he has been a recognized authority, and his opinion on points & constitutional issue carries great weight. In railroad cases, also, he has been regarded as especially strong, and he has been engaged in many important cases, involving difficult and delicate points of railroad law. His famous contest with Hon. Theodore Cuyler, the Pennsylvania Railroad case, in 1871, will long be remembered by members of the profession for the profound legal learning, easy mastery over the mazy difficulties of a peculiarly intricate litigation, readiness of resource, patient endurance and overwhelming strength he manifested.

To him, in part, New Jersey owes its present Constitution, inasmuch as he was an active and prominent member of the convention called in 1844 for the revision of the then existing instrument He was also the first attorney-general under the Constitution so revised, being appointed to that position by Governor Charles C. Stratton in the same year. This office he held during the regular term of five years.

His successes as a lawyer do not bound his career. He has stepped beyond merely professional boundaries in his studies and researches, and in whatever direction his tastes have led him, the same thoroughness and success have marked his efforts.

Mr. Browning was married, May 23, 1842, to Elizabeth, daughter of Hon. James Matlock, of Woodbury, N.J., whose American ancestor, William Matlock, was among the Quakers who settled at Burlington, N.J., about the year 1678.

WILLIAM DANIEL COOPER was a son of Richard M. Cooper, late president of the National State Bank of Camden, and a lineal descendant in the seventh generation of William and Margaret Cooper, who in 1681 were the first settlers on the site of Camden. He was born in the homestead on Cooper Street the 30th day of August, 1816, being the twin brother of Dr. Richard M. Cooper, and after obtaining a preparatory education entered the University of Pennsylvania, from which institution he was graduated in 1836. He studied law in the office of the Hon. William M. Meredith, of Philadelphia. He was admitted a member of the Philadelphia bar in 1841 and the same year was admitted to practice in the courts of New Jersey. Upon the death of his father, in 1844, he became the manager of his estate, which embraced lands now covered by much of the most attractively built-up portion of the city of Camden. This gave him an extensive business as a real estate lawyer, and he managed the large interest included with judicious care and characteristic ability. By laying off in lots much of the lands previously owned by his father, he greatly enhanced the value of the property in North Camden and very materially increased the amount of the estate placed under his special care and direction. His experience as a real estate lawyer and counselor gave him an extended office practice and he seldom appeared in court in the trial of causes. He contributed much to the growth and development of the city of Camden, and was constantly studying how best to advance the material welfare of the community. He was kind-hearted, benevolent and philanthropic. Feeling the need of a hospital in West Jersey, he and his brother, Dr. Richard M. Cooper, turned their attention toward establishing one in Camden. Both died before the realization of their plans for the erection of such a building.

Their sisters - Sarah W. and Elizabeth B. Cooper, in accordance with the wishes of their deceased brothers, generously donated two hundred thousand dollars for the establishment and endowment of the Cooper Hospital, and with their brother, Alexander Cooper, conveyed a large tract of land eligibly located in Camden, upon which to erect a building for that purpose. The management of this noble charity (a history of which is given in the Medical Chapter of this work), was placed in the hands of a board of trustees created under an act of incorporation by the Stats Legislature March 24th, 1875.

Mr. Cooper was for a time president of the Gas Company, a director in the National State Bank and for a time counsel for the same institution. In politics he was originally a Whig in the days of that party and afterwards an ardent Republican. Early in its history he became a member of the Union League& Philadelphia. He devoted much of his time to reading and was well versed in general literature. In religion he was a believer in the faith of his ancestor and was a member of the Society & Friends.

MORRIS R. HAMILTON was admitted to the bar in September, 1842, after preparing for his profession in the office of his father, General Samuel R. Hamilton, of Trenton. He located in Camden in November of the same year of his admission and continued a member of the Camden County bar for two years, at the expiration of which time he removed to Philadelphia and practiced chiefly in Kensington and Spring Garden in partnership with, the late Laban Burkhardt. In 1849 he went to Trenton to become the editor of a paper which his father had purchased and which was then changed to the Daily True American, the Democratic organ of the State capital, which position he held until 1853. He has since edited a number of influential journals and is now the efficient State librarian at Trenton.

THOMAS W. MULFORD, with three brothers, came from Salem County and settled in Camden County in the year 1852. Thomas W. Mulford, being a leading and influential member of the Democratic party, was soon appointed by the Governor as prosecutor of the pleas of Camden County, a position he filled with great credit to himself and to the county for many years. Mr. Mulford was a fluent, eloquent and able speaker, and his voice was always welcomed by his party adherents, who nominated him for Congress in the First District, now represented by George Hires. He was also twice a member of the Legislature of New Jersey, where his wise and discriminating statesmanship made him a valuable member, much respected by both parties. Mr. Mulford’s health failed him and he died in Salem County on his farm, leaving a family and a large circle of friends. He was a relative by marriage of the late United States Senator Hon. A.G. Cattell, of Merchantville, N.J.; Philip H. Mulford, one of the brothers of the prosecutor of the pleas, was deputy prosecutor of the pleas for Camden County; then associated with General Wright, of Hoboken, N.J., in the practice of the law, and in 1860 went to California, where he died.

JAMES B. DAYTON was born January 27, 1822, at Basking Ridge, Somerset County, N.J. He was a son of Joel Dayton and lineal descendant of Ralph Dayton, who emigrated from Yorkshire, England, in 1639 and settled at Boston, one of whose descendants, Jonathan Dayton, located at Elizabethtown about 1725, and was the progenitor of the Dayton family in New Jersey. His son, Elias Dayton, was a brigadier-general in the patriot army of the Revolution, commanding the New Jersey Brigade, and member of Congress in 1778 and 1779. His son Jonathan was a member of the convention which framed the Constitution of the United States, speaker of the Fourth and Fifth Congresses, and United States Senator from 1799 to 1805.

William L. Dayton, a brother of James B. Dayton, after filling with honor the most important positions in New Jersey, was a Senator of the United States from 1842 to 1851, Republican candidate for Vice-President in 1856, and minister to France from 1861 until his death, shortly before the close of the War of the Rebellion.

James B. Dayton graduated from Princeton College in 1841, studied law with his brother, William L. Dayton, became an attorney in 1844, and counselor-at-law in 1847. He settled at Camden and very soon became one of the leading advocates of the New Jersey bar. His practice was large, his conquests brilliant, and he was acknowledged to be one of the most eloquent lawyers in Southern New Jersey. He became the legal adviser of the Board of Freeholders, city solicitor, city treasurer and one of the first board of Riparian Commissions. He was a man of vigorous mind but delicate physique, which caused him in later life to forego the triumphs of the court and devote his entire energies to the less exciting duties of an office practice, and ultimately to retire wholly from the law and also to renounce all aspirations for political life.

He was married, in 1848, to Louisa, daughter of William M. Clarke, of Philadelphia; her death occurred in 1856, leaving two children surviving - William C., a member of the Camden bar, and Louisa, now wife of Peter V. Voorhees, a lawyer in Camden. In 1859 he married Sadie, daughter of Judge Alexander Thomson, of Franklin County, a celebrated jurist of Pennsylvania.

Being compelled to give up the practice of his profession, he turned his attention to corporate interests. He was president of the West Jersey Ferry Company for over sixteen years, giving prosperity to the company and satisfaction to its patrons; president of the Camden 5th Deposit and Trust Company, which, under his management, became one of the most successful banking institutions of the State; chairman of the executive committee of the board of directors of the Camden and Atlantic Railroad Company, which he materially aided in raising from insolvency to affluence, he was also, from its inception, chairman of the board of directors of the Sea View Hotel Company, a very successful corporation. He was a man of sound judgment, kindly impulses and gentle disposition, and his death from progressive paralysis, March 9, 1886, caused universal sorrow.

THOMAS H. DUDLEY was born in Evesham township, Burlington County, New Jersey, October 9, 1819, being the descendant of an English family resident in this country since the latter part of the seventeenth century. His early education was obtained in the schools near the vicinity of his birth, and he grew to manhood on his father’s farm. Determining upon law as a profession, he entered the office of the late William N. Jeffers, in Camden, and in 1845 was admitted to the New Jersey bar. From the outset of his legal life he held a conspicuous place in his profession, his sound training in the principles and the practice of law uniting to make him successful. Until the dissolution of the Whig party he was one of its staunchest members. Since that event he has been a no less earnest Republican. Elected in 1860 a delegate at large to the Chicago Convention, he occupied a prominent position in it and was greatly instrumental through his energy and tact, in the committee on doubtful States, in securing the nomination of Abraham Lincoln for President. In 1861 Mr. Dudley went to Europe, and returned in the fall of the same year, and soon thereafter was appointed by Mr. Lincoln as consul to Liverpool. The position of our consul at this port then was one of great consequence and of the greatest delicacy, for from this centre radiated the substantial aid tendered to the Confederates by their British supporters. In his efforts to enforce the maintenance of the neutrality professed by the government to which he was accredited, the utmost diplomacy was necessary to avoid bringing to open war the expressed hostility between the two countries. Everywhere his endeavor to check the flow of supplies to the Confederacy met with a determined resistance. With a force of one hundred men he policed the ship-yards of England and Scotland, he himself incognito, constantly visiting every shipping centre and registering every keel laid down upon the books of the Liverpool consulate. Nor was his zeal unattended with danger. Again and again he received anonymous letters warning him that unless he ceased his opposition to the extension of assistance to the Confederate government, that his life would be taken, and if found in certain designated spots he would be shot on sight. But these threats had small effects upon his stern nature. He had been charged with a high duty and that duty he fulfilled with a calm determination. He remained at his post until November, 1868, when he returned to the United States for a brief visit, he resumed his duties in Liverpool, and three years later he again returned to America, and, wearied by his decade of arduous official life, tendered his resignation of his consulate. The government, however, requested his services in the case of the United States to be laid before the Joint High Commission at Geneva, and he assisted in the compilation of the case to go before the Geneva tribunal, supplying the material upon which the judgment in favor of the United States was rendered. In 1872 he again returned to the United States and tendered his resignation, to take effect upon the appointment of his successor.

Since his return to America Mr. Dudley has been engaged in the practice of his profession in Camden, New Jersey, residing upon his beautiful country-seat, three miles from the city. He has been president of the Pittsburgh, Titusville and Buffalo Railroad Company, and of the New Jersey Mining Company, besides being a member of the boards of direction of the Camden and Atlantic Railroad Company, West Jersey Railroad Company, Camden and Philadelphia Ferry Company and People’s Gas Light Company, of Jersey City.

ISAAC MICKLE was one of the most remarkable men in the early history of Camden County. His grandfather was Isaac Mickle, farmer, who married Sarah Wilkins, and from that marriage four children were born, - John W. Mickle, Rachel Mickle (who married Isaac S. Mulford, M.D.,) and Mary Mickle, who married Samuel Haines, of Burlington County, a well-known sheriff of that bailiwick, and Isaac Mickle, who married Rebecca Morgan, from which alliance sprang Isaac Mickle who, as soon, and even before he reached man’s estate, became a central and controlling figure in the affairs of his native County. He began the study of law with Colonel Page. Isaac Mickle, who was the only child of his parents, was also, presumably, the heir of his uncle, John W. Mickle, who had acquired by descent and purchase, nearly all the land on either side of the turnpike, between Camden and Gloucester City. Isaac Mickle was a boon companion of T. Buchanan Read, the artist and poet, and author of "Sheridan’s Ride."

While studying with Colonel Page, and mastering the mysteries of his chosen profession, he became acquainted with Clara Tyndale, the sister of General Hector Tyndale, who was once elected mayor of Philadelphia. Mrs. Tyndale, the mother of Clara, was, herself; a woman of talent, and with Hawthorn, George William Curtis and other lights of science and literature, became a member of the famous community at "Brook Farm."

Isaac Mickle married Miss Tyndale and two children resulted from this union, one of whom is now living. The subject of our sketch early displayed a very decided penchant for literature, and became the author of a volume called "Recollections of Old Gloucester," which, besides being admirably written, contains a fund of information about the early history of Camden County and West Jersey nowhere else to be found. He became a well-known political writer, and for some years conducted the Camden Democrat. He died when under thirty years of age.

DANIEL E. HOUGH was cotemporary with Hugg and Kinsey, was admitted to the bar in July, 1849, and was for a time in the office of Thomas H. Dudley. He was a prominent lawyer, but his services were lost at this bar, for, some years prior to the war, he went West, and, subsequently enlisting in an Illinois regiment, was killed in battle.

ALFRED HUGG was born in Camden, N.J., August 26, 1826, and educated in the city of Philadelphia. He studied law with Willam N. Jeffers, of Camden, and was admitted to practice as an attorney in October, 1849, and as a counselor three years after. He settled in Camden and has since been engaged in active practice. Mr. Hugg has been city solicitor of Camden, as also city clerk and city treasurer. He was formerly prosecutor of the pleas for Atlantic County.

CHARLES W. KINSEY was in the same class as Alfred Hugg, and was admitted to the Camden bar in October, 1849. He practiced considerably in the courts of the county, but was a resident of Burlington and died there.

CAPTAIN ISAAC W. MICKLE, who was admitted to the bar in January, 1850, died suddenly at Camp Ely, Virginia, on Saturday, March 22, 1862. During the Mexican War he served as captain of Company A of the New Jersey Battalion. He enlisted in the same capacity in Company F of the Fourth New Jersey Regiment during the three months service, and at the time of his death was in command of Company A of the Tenth New Jersey Regiment. During the administration of James Buchanan he was collector of the port of Camden. He was at the same time one of the proprietors of the Camden Democrat, and took sides against the administration of Buchanan on the Kansas-Nebraska Bill. He was a nephew of John W. Stickle, many years a leading director of the Camden and Amboy Railroad Company. He left a widowed mother and child. Captain Mickle was active in political and military affairs, genial in disposition and liberal in his views.

PETER L. VOORHEES was born at Blawenburgh, Somerset County, N.J., July 12, 1825, and is a member of a family who trace their line of descent from Coert Albert vanvoor Hees, who hived prior to 1600, in front of the village of Hees, near Ruinen, Drenthe, Holland. The derivation of the name may be understood when it is stated that the prefix "voor" is the Dutch equivalent of "before," or "in front of" Steven Coerte, son of Coert Albert, emigrated from Holland in April, 1660, and settled at Flatlands, Long Island, on an estate the extent of which is indicated by the fact that he paid for it the large sum of three thousand guilders, in itself a fortune in those days. The great-grandson of Steven Coerte was Peter Gerritse Van Voorhees, who heft Long Island in 1720 to escape from the payment of tithes to the English Church, which was enforced by the colonial government, and established a new home on land which he bought at Blawenburgh. One of his descendants was Peter Van Voorhees, who gave his land to his grandsomm Peter, and ordered his slaves to be emancipated. This Peter, whose father, Martin, dropped the prefix "Van" from the family name. He was born May 27, 1787, and married, March 2, 1809, Jane, daughter of Captain John Schenck, who, in December, 1778, with a few of his neighbors and a very scanty supply of ammunition, ambuscaded the British advance guard at Ringoes, and drove it back upon the main column.

Peter L. Voorhees was the second son. The years preceding his majority he spent upon the homestead, and in the acquirement of a common-school education, and in his twenty-first year he selected the law for his profession. First entering the office of Richard S. Field, at Princeton, as a student, he also studied at the Law School formerly connetted with the College of New Jersey, from which he received the degrees of LL.B. and A.M. In November, 1851, he was admitted to the bar, and in the next year he removed to Camden, with many of whose most important interests he has since been identified.

The main characteristic of his professional eminence is his thorough knowledge of the law. Profoundly versed in its principles and practice, his mind is a store-house of information upon its most complicated and abstruse questions. The diligence with which he masters every point in a litigated case is assisted to success by a wonderfully retentive memory and a remarkable power of application. He is an authority upon the difficult and doubtful intricacies of land tithes, and some of his most creditable victories before the courts have been won in such cases. He is also considered an indisputable authority upon the finely discriminating questions of practice. He was opposed to the Pennsylvania Company in the memorable suit of Black vs. the Delaware and Raritan Canal Company, in which was involved the control of the New Jersey railways now operated by the former corporation, and was so successful in court that it was compelled to procure special legislation to effect its purpose. Since that time he has become counsel for the Pennsylvania interest, embracing the Camden and Amboy, the West Jersey and the Camden and Atlantic Railroads. The Mickle will case was another celebrated litigation which he carried for his clients to a successful issue.

Mr. Voorhees is president of the Camden Safe Deposit and Trust Company, director of the West Jersey Ferry Company and director of the Camden Hospital. In politics he is a conservative Republican, but has always refused to become a candidate for any office, except that for one year he filled the position of city solicitor of Camden, being elected by the Republicans and Democrats, as opposed to the "Native Americans."

In the matter of religious education and experience, our subject, it may not be improper to add, has not been lacking. He was brought up in the Dutch Reformed Church, but since 1853 has affiliated with the Presbyterians, and has been remarkably active in the First Church of Camden, for many years taking particular interest in the Sunday-school, in which he has been an untiring, interesting and useful teacher.

On October 16, 1855, Mr. Voorhees married Anna Finley, sister of Hon. William M. Dayton, United States Senator, minister to France, and nominee for Vice-President on the National Republican ticket in 1856. She died in 1880, heaving one child, Miss Jennie Dayton Voorhees.

GEORGE M. ROBESON was born at Oxford Furnace, Warren County, New Jersey, in 1827. He was graduated from the College of New Jersey, at Princeton, in 1847, and soon after became a student-at-law in the office of Chief -Justice Hornblower, in Newark, New Jersey. Having been admitted to the bar in 1850, he practiced his profession in that city until he removed to Camden where, in 1859, he was appointed Prosecutor of the Pleas by Governor Newell. At the opening of the Civil War in 1861, Governor Olden appointed him brigadier-general, and he took an active part in the raising of troops and the organization of them. In 1867, Governor Marcus L. Ward tendered him the nomination of Attorney-General of the State of New Jersey, and the Senate confirming the nomination, he entered upon and discharged the duties of the office until 1869, when he was appointed Secretary of the Navy, under President Grant, a position which he held until 1877. He is at present engaged in the practice of his profession in the city of Washington.

RICHARD S. JENKINS was born at Wheatland, Pa., and received his academic education at Burlington, N.J. He began the study of law with Honorable Richard S. Field, and continued under Honorable Thos. P. Carpenter, of Camden. He was admitted in 1860, began practice in Camden, was appointed in 1864 prosecutor of the pleas for the county and held the office for twenty years.

LINDLEY H. MILLER, was a native of Morristown, and the son of United States Senator Jacob W. Miller. He read law with Thomas H. Dudley, and was admitted to the bar in November, 1855. When the War for the Union opened he enlisted in the service and gave his life for the preservation of the Union.

MARMADUKE B. TAYLOR was born in Philadelphia, August. 17, 1835, but his life from the age of about four years has been principally spent in Camden. He was the second son of the late Dr. Othniel H. Taylor, and brother of Dr. H.G. Taylor. His early education was received in the schools of the two cities named, and he afterwards attended Rutger’s College, but owing to ill health was compelled to abandon a collegiate course, though the honorary degree of A.M. was subsequently conferred upon him by Rutgers. He commenced the study of law in 1851 with the late Colonel William N. Jeffers, of Camden. He attended a full course of instruction in law at the State and National Law School of Poughkeepsie, N.Y., and graduated in 1855, and had the degree of LL.B. conferred upon him by that institution. He wits enrolled in the office of James B. Dayton, Esq., of Camden, about the same time. He also attended a course of law lectures at the University of Pennsylvania. He was admitted to the bar of New Jersey at the November Term, 1856, and has continued in practice from that time to the present in Camden. He has been conspicuous with the various Masonic organizations, and has taken a great interest in everything pertaining to the order. In 1871 he was united in marriage with a daughter of Dr. Joseph Crain, of Cumberland County, Pa.

JAMES M. SCOVEL was born in Harrison, Ohio, January 16, 1833, his father being the Rev. Dr. Sylvester F. Scovel and his mother Hannah Matlack, of Woodbury, N.J., a daughter of James Matlack, a former member of Congress from the First District. James M. Scovel having lost his father when only thirteen years of age, proceeded with his college course at Hanover College, Indiana, of which institution Rev. Dr. Scovel was president; graduating at the early age of seventeen, he taught school near Memphis, Tenn., for two years, after which he removed to Camden, N.J., and became a student-at-law in the office of Abraham Browning, and was admitted to practice in 1856. Mr. Scovel has devoted much of his leisure hours to literature and has written many magazine articles and contributed much and many well-written sketches to the leading newspapers. He has tried many of the most important homicide cases of West Jersey, and is a forcible, fluent and at times remarkably eloquent speaker.

Mr. Scovel was early thrown into politics by the storm and stress period of the Civil War, and having attracted Abraham Lincoln’s attention by a series of speeches in the Assembly of New Jersey, entitled "New Jersey for the War," was appointed commissioner of the draft for the First Congressional District. During the second Confederate invasion of Pennsylvania, Mr. Scovel, who afterwards was commissioned as a colonel, raised a company in one day and took his command to Harrisburg, Pa., where they were well received by Governor Curtin, and did good service for the cause in which they were enlisted, and after thirty days service his command was mustered out. The subsequent year Colonel Scovel was elected to represent Camden County in the State Senate, being the first Republican elected in Camden County to that place. After the war ended he devoted himself to the duties of his profession, the law, with occasional ventures in the field of literature. When Horace Greeley ran for President he was chairman of the State Committee. President Arthur appointed him a special agent of the Treasury, which position he held till the close of Arthur’s administration.

In 1856 Mr. Scovel married Mary Mulford, a daughter of Isaac S. Mulford, M.D., of Camden. Mrs. Scovel is also a niece of John W. Mickle.

ALDEN CORTLAND SCOVEL was a native of Princeton, N.J., where he was born June 13, 1830. He was educated at the Bordentown High School, read law, after an interval spent in teaching, with Mahlon Hutchinson, of Bordentown, and was admitted to the bar as an attorney in November, 1856, and as a counselor in November, 1865. He formed a copartnership in Camden with James S. Scovel, and subsequently with George M. Robeson, then the prosecutor of the pleas, and acted as assistant prosecutor. He was, in 1857, made clerk of the Board of Chosen Freeholders, and in 1868 city solicitor, being re-elected in 1870. Mr. Scovel served three years in the City Council, and was, in 1875, elected member of the Assembly. His death occurred June 13, 1881.

GILBERT HANNAH was the son of James Hannah, a prominent citizen of Salem County, N.J., where Gilbert Hannah was born in the year 1833. He was admitted to the bar in 1852, after studying law in the city of Newark, N.J., with Hon. A.Q. Keasby, late United States district attorney for New Jersey. Mr. Hannah had many social graces of character and possessed high literary ability. He was appointed, at the solicitation of Colonel James M. Scovel, by President Lincoln, as consul to Demarara, where he died of yellow fever during the war, after serving with great fidelity and acceptability to the State Department and thoroughly mastering his consular duties.

PHILIP S. SCOVEL was born March 7, 1833, in Stockport, Columbia County, N.Y., and educated at the Bordentown High School, of which his brother, Rev. Alden Scovel, was then principal. In 1853 he entered the law-office of Garrett Cannon, of Burlington County, and was admitted to the bar in February, 1857, practicing in Burlington, having among his clients Commodore Charles Stewart and Mrs. Delia Parnell. Removing to Camden in 1874, he formed a law partnership with his brother, Alden C. Scovel.

SAMUEL H. GREY is the son of the late Philip J. Grey and Sarah W. Grey, his wife, and was born in the city of Camden April 6, 1836. His early education was received in the schools of his native town. His choice tended strongly to the profession of the law, and at the age of seventeen years he was entered as a student in the office of Abraham Browning, who, still living at an advanced age, was at that time easily the leading lawyer and advocate in the southern section of New Jersey. After the usual course of study Mr. Grey was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court as an attorney-at-law at the November Term, 1857, and as a counselor-at-law at the February Term, 1861. His success in his profession was immediate and satisfactory. Such was his prominence that in April, 1866, he was appointed prosecutor of the pleas for the county of Cape May, and performed the duties of that office until April, 1873, serving, by successive appointments of the court, two years under the administration of Governor Joel Parker, after the expiration of the regular term of the office.

As a leading lawyer, Mr. Grey, in 1873, was appointed by Governor Parker one of a commission of fourteen, selected pursuant to a joint resolution of the Legislature, to suggest and frame amendments to the Constitution of the State, and was actively engaged in all the transactions of the commission. The amendments thus framed were afterwards, in due form of law, incorporated with, and now form a part of, the Constitution of New Jersey.

In the quarter of a century which has elapsed since his admission to the bar Mr. Grey has never permitted himself to be diverted from his chosen profession, but has devoted to its study and pursuit his entire time, and the energy and ability with which he is endowed. These viginti annorum lucubrationes (to use the vigorous words of Lord Bacon), these years of study, have brought with them their appropriate reward. The practice of Mr. Grey is large, lucrative and embraces a wide class of important causes, beginning with the case of McKnight vs. Hay, tried in 1866, at the Atlantic Circuit, in which Messrs. Peter L. Voorhees and George M. Rubeson appeared for the plaintiff, and Messrs. Joseph P. Bradley (now of the Supreme Court of the United States), Abraham Browning and Mr. Grey appeared for the defendant, and of which Judge Elmer speaks in his reminiscences as the moat romantic case he had ever known. Mr. Grey has been engaged in very many of the leading causes arising in the southern counties of the State. In April, 1886, Mr. Grey was selected by the managers appointed to conduct the impeachment of Patrick H. Laverty, keeper of the State Prison, as the leading counsel for the prosecution, and as such conducted the trial of a month, before the State Senate, to a successful conclusion, evincing skill, ability and eloquence of a high order.

The success of Mr. Grey has resulted, not from study and experience alone, but largely from his natural mental powers. His capacity for quick, intense and accurate thought is unusual and striking. His judgment reaches a conclusion, not by careful and laborious plodding, nor yet by intuition, but rather, per saltum, by a leap over a long pathway of thought. This faculty enables him very quickly to perceive and grasp the controlling points of a group of complicated facts, and to determine at once those upon which his cause turns. His vocabulary is fluent, generally accurate, often graceful and happy, sometimes eloquent. He has a keen sense of humor, and nature has given him a powerful and musical voice, a pleasing presence and a mental and physical constitution sufficiently robust to endure the shocks and fatigues of jury trials. These are all qualities which are necessary to the equipment of a leading and accomplished advocate, and such Mr. Grey is beyond question. As was remarked of General Sheridan during the war, no situation was thrust upon him which he has not developed capacity to meet. Mr. Grey practices in all of the courts of this State and is constantly retained in important causes before the several superior courts sitting at Trenton, where his reputation is deservedly high.

In politics Mr. Grey has been an earnest and consistent Republican, practically from the organization of that party. From 1868 to 1871 he was an active member of the Republican State Executive Committee of New Jersey. In 1872 he was chosen as an elector upon the Grant ticket, and as such voted for General Grant in the only Republican Electoral College convened in this State. In the same year he declined to accept the Republican nomination for State Senator from the county of Camden. In 1874, though strongly importuned, he declined to permit his name to be presented for the nomination as a member of the House of Representatives of the Congress of the United States. In 1880 he received a large vote in the Republican State Convention as a delegate-at-large to the National Convention which met in that year at Chicago. At the request of many Republicans during the present year, he has permitted himself to be named for the office of Senator of the United States.

Mr. Grey was married September 25, 1862, in Christ Church, Philadelphia, to Julia Hubley, only daughter of Charles C. Potts, Esq., of Philadelphia. He has four daughters, - Julia Ridgway, Mary Joy, Ethel and Alice Croasdale Grey. An only son, Charles Philip Grey, died in 1868 an infant.

CALEB D. SHREVE was born May 9, 1833, and educated at Princeton College, from which he was graduated in 1851. He began the study of law with Honorable J.L.N. Stratton, of Mt. Holly, and was admitted as an attorney at the November Term, 1861, and afterwards an a counselor.

BENJAMIN D. SHREVE, born August, 1835, at Medford, Burlington County, N.J., was graduated from Princeton College in 1856. He studied law with Peter L. Voorhees, of Camden, was admitted in 1862 as an attorney and as counselor in 1865. He has since practiced in Camden.

GEORGE W. GILBERT was born September 21, 1834, in Philadelphia, and educated at the public schools of Camden, to which city he removed in 1843. He began the study of law with Honorable Thomas H. Dudley, of Camden, and concluded with Honorable George S. Woodhull. He was admitted to the bar in February, 1863. Mr. Gilbert was made deputy county clerk in 1865, and held the office for ten years, after which he was elected register of deeds for the term extending from 1875 to 1880. He has since practiced his profession in Camden.

SAMUEL C. COOPER was born in Camden in 1840, and is the son of Joseph W. Cooper. He received his primary education at the Grover School, in Camden, and entered Haverford College in 1855. In 1859, he entered the law office of Richard W. Howell, remained with him until his death, and then entered the office of the Honorable Thomas H. Dudley, and when Mr. Dudley was appointed consul to Liverpool he entered the office of Judge Woodhull. He was admitted at the February term of court, 1863.

J. EUGENE TROTH was born in Newcastle County, Delaware, January 14, 1845; received his education at the select and public schools and at the Delaware College, situated at Newark, Delaware. He began the study of law with James B. Dayton, of Camden; was admitted as an attorney in 1866, and three years after as counselor. He was for seven years solicitor of the county of Camden and clerk of the Board of Chosen Freeholders.

MARTIN VORHEES BERGEN and his brother Christopher A. (of whom a sketch follows) are descendants of an old and prominent family, after whom Bergen County, N.J., was named, and they are representatives of the eighth generation in this country. The common ancestor of the family of Long Island, New Jersey and adjacent regions was Hans Hansen Bergen, of Bergen, in Norway, who removed from there to Holland, and thence, in 1633, to New Amsterdam (now New York). Some of his descendants settled in what is now Bergen County about fifty years later.

Samuel Disbrow Bergen, of the seventh generation in America, and his wife, Charity (daughter of Judge Peter Voorhees, of Blawenburgh, Somerset County), were residents early in the present century of Middlesex County, N.J., near Cranberry, and lived at what was known as the Bergen Farm or Homestead. Their son Martin V. was born there February 12, 1839. He prepared for college at Edge Hill School and entered the sophomore class at Princeton in September, 1860. Graduating from the college in 1863, he commenced the study of law the same year in the office of Peter L. Voorhees, of Camden, where he continued until he graduated in November, 1866, as an attorney-at-law. He was licensed as a counselor-at-law in November, 1869. He opened an office in the fall of 1866 at 119 Market Street, Camden, and continued to practice there until he formed a partnership with his brother and removed to 110 Market Street. He has been twice elected superintendent of the Camden City schools and now holds that position. He was married, in February, 1880, to Mary Atkinson, of Merchantville, N.J.

CHRISTOPHER A. BERGEN, Esq., whose ancestry and parentage are given in the sketch of his brother, was born at Bridge Point, Somerset County, N.J., August 2, 1841. He obtained his preparatory education at Edge Hill Classical School, Princeton, and entered Princeton College in the fall of 1860, graduating therefrom, with his brother, in the class of 1863. Afterwards he taught school, - first a country school at Hopewell, N.J., and later a private classical school of his own at Princeton, - pursuing at the same time law studies under the direction of Peter L. Voorhees, Esq., of Camden. In November, 1866, he was licensed as an attorney by the New Jersey Supreme Court, and in the fall of 1869 as counselor-at-law by the same court. Mr. Bergen’s mental activity, onerous as are his professional duties, is by no means confined to them. He is a student of general literature, keeps fully abreast of the times in political, philosophical and popular scientific information and continues his classical studies, reading extensively in Latin and Greek.

Christopher A. Bergen has been twice married. He was united with his first with, Harriet, daughter of Thomas D. and Augusta S. James, August 5, 1869. Two sons were the offspring of this union. His second wife, to whom he was united January 26, 1886, was Fannie C., daughter of William L. and Adele C. Hirst, of Philadelphia.

The firm of Bergen & Bergen (M.V. & C.A.) has been quite uniformly and steadily successful, and probably has as large and as widespread a clientage and correspondence as any law firm in Camden. They have been frequently opposed by the best legal talent in the county and State, and have fully as often been victors as vanquished, and enjoy a high reputation. Two of the most notable cases in which they have won success were those of the Marshall estate, and the Jesse W. Starr Camden Iron-Works case in bankruptcy. The former, which aroused much interest in the southern part of the county, was an action charging breach of trust on the part of the executors, and involved the title to five farms and a large part of the village of Blackwood. Bergen & Bergen appeared for the creditors against the executors, who were represented by S.H. Grey, and Peter L. Voorhees, Esqs. In the bankruptcy suit against Jesse W. Starr, above alluded to, in which about three hundred thousand dollars were involved, Bergen Brothers were also successful in forcing the creditors of Mr. Starr, to terms. Christopher A. Bergen, as a rule, attends to the court business and Martin V. devotes his attention more particularly to that department of practice which is the function of the counsel, though he also appears frequently in court. Both are well-read lawyers and able advocates.

Both of the brothers are pronounced Republicans, though neither is an active politician. Christopher A. in 1884 was the choice of a large section of his party for the position of State Senator, but declined making any effort to secure the nomination. He was elected president of the Camden County Republican Club in 1886. Martin V. Bergen has also been named as a candidate for legislative honors, but has held no offices of consequence other than the school superintendency.

GEORGE F. FORT was born at Absecom, Atlantic County, N.J., November 20, 1843, and received an academic education, which was completed at the university in Heidelberg, Germany. He began the study of law under Abraham Browning, of Camden; was admitted as an attorney in 1866 and as a counselor in 1869. Mr. Fort is well known as an author, his more prominent books being "An Historical Treatise on Early Builders’ Works," "Fort’s Mediaeval Builders," "Medical Economy during the Middle Ages" and "Early History and Antiquities of Masonry."

ROBERT M. BROWNING, who was a native of Camden, born in 1844, read law with his father, Hon. Abraham Browning and was admitted to practice in November, 1867. He followed his profession until his death, in 1875.

HOWARD M. COOPER was born June 24, 1844, at Kaighns Point in the city of Camden, graduated from Haverford College, Pennsylvania, in 1864, studied law under Peter L. Voorhees, Esq., and was admitted to the bar as an attorney at the November term of the Supreme Court, 1870. He has since followed his profession in Camden, and in addition to the usual occupation of a lawyer, he is a director and the solicitor of the Camden National Bank, a director of the Camden Lighting and Heating Company, and president and solicitor of the West Jersey Orphanage for Destitute Colored Children.

RICHARD T. MILLER is a native of Cape May City, N.J., where he was born December 16, 1845, and received his early education at Pottstown Academy and at Easton, Conn. He then entered the West Jersey Academy and completed his studies under a private tutor. He was for two years connected with a corps of engineers engaged on the Pennsylvania Railroad, and in 1863 entered the office of Judge Thomas P. Carpenter, of Camden. He was admitted as an attorney in November, 1867, and as counselor in 1870. Judge Miller began practice in Camden, and, March 30, 1877, was appointed judge of the District Court of Camden, to which office he was appointed five years later.

JAMES P. YOUNG was born in Camden County, in 1842, was educated in the schools of that county and at the Philadelphia High School. He read law in the office of Hon. Thomas P. Carpenter, and was admitted to the bar in 1869. He was a comrade of Thomas H. Davis Post, G.A.R., No. 53, of Haddonfield, and for three years served in Company G., Sixth New Jersey Regiment. He practiced in Camden for fifteen years, and was accidentally drowned in the Delaware River.

GEORGE N. CONROW was born in Burlington County, but during his youth went West and received his literary education at Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana. Returning East, he read law with Hon. Thomas P. Carpenter, of Camden, was admitted to the bar at the November Term of court, 1870, and became counselor in 1873. He had offices in Camden and Moorestown, and practiced actively until his death - a period of about eight years.

ALFRED FLANDERS was born in Philadelphia January 6, 1830, received his early education through private tutors, and graduated at Yale College in 1850. He read law with Simpson T. Van Sant, of Philadelphia, and was admitted to the bar of that city in March, 1861, having meanwhile been identified with the Kensington Bank as clerk and teller. Having practiced for a while in Philadelphia, he settled in Burlington, N.J., in 1866, and was admitted to the New Jersey bar the same year. He practiced in Mount Holly until 1883, at which date Mr. Flanders opened an office in Camden.

HERBERT A. DRAKE was born July 2, 1845, in Hopewell township, Mercer County, N.J., and remained a pupil of the public schools until 1862, when he became a student of the Lawrenceville High School, and two years later of Rutgers College, from which institution he was graduated in June, 1868. He entered upon the study of law with Peter L. Voorhees, of Camden, was made an attorney in June, 1871, and a counselor at the June Term, 1874.

JAMES E. HAYES was born near Burlington, N.J., February 18, 1844, and after a preliminary training at the Hightstown Institution, graduated from the University of Pennsylvania. He entered the law-office of Robeson & Scovel in 1867, was admitted as an attorney in 1871 and as counselor in 1877. He was made city solicitor of Camden in 1878, and corporation counsel of Gloucester City in 1883. His law co-partnership with George M. Robeson began in April, 1883.

JOHN W. WRIGHT, son of Richard and Abigail M. Wright, and grandson of Richard M. Cooper, was born in Philadelphia, August 21, 1847. He entered the University of Pennsylvania and was graduated from the Department of Arts of that institution in the class of 1867. He became a student-at-law in the office of E. Spencer Miller, Esq., of Philadelphia, and after graduating from the law Department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1870, he was admitted to the bar in 1871. Since the death of his uncle, William D. Cooper, in 1875, he has been executor, trustee and attorney for the estates of a large branch of the Cooper family, comprising much of the central portion of Camden.

JAMES H. CARPENTER, son of the Hon. Thomas P. Carpenter, was born in Woodbury, N.J., November 18, 1849, and in early youth moved with his parents to Camden. He received his education at the school of William Fewsmith, in Philadelphia, and at the University of Pennsylvania, graduating from the latter in 1869. Immediately thereafter he entered his father’s office as a student-at-law, and was admitted to practice November, 1872, and as a counselor in 1875. He was made a master in Chancery in 1875, and admitted to practice in the United States Court in 1883.

WILSON H. JENKINS was born November 6, 1846, at Fenwick, South Carolina, and educated at the Citadel, at Charleston, and at the Arsenal, at Columbia, South Carolina. Removing to Camden in 1865, he entered the University of Pennsylvania, and began the study of law with Richard S. Jenkins, of Camden, in 1869; was admitted as an attorney in 1873, and as a counselor in 1875. Mr. Jenkins was appointed prosecutor of the pleas for Camden County in 1884.

JOHN H. FORT was born on Staten Island, N.Y., January 10, 1851, and educated at the public schools, at Lawrenceville Academy and at Pennington, N.J. He studied law with Marmaduke B. Taylor, of Camden, was admitted as an attorney in June, 1873, and as counselor in November, 1881. He is a master and examiner in Chancery. Mr. Fort has devoted much of his time to editorial work.

JOHN F. JOLINE was born in Princeton, N.J., February 4, 1850, and pursued his early studies at Trenton, N.J. He began his law studies with James Wilson, and concluded them with Peter L. Voorhees, of Camden; was admitted as an attorney in 1873, and as counselor some years later. He was also made a member of the Philadelphia bar in 1882. Mr. Joline was clerk of the New Jersey House of Assembly in 1871 -72, and is secretary and treasurer of the West Jersey Ferry Company.

THOMAS B. HARNED is a native of the city of Philadelphia, where he was born March 15, 1851, and received his early education at the common schools, after which he entered the Cohansey Glass Works, at Bridgeton, N.J. At the age of nineteen he began the study of law with Hon. Charles T. Reed, of Camden, and graduated from the Law Department of the University of Pennsylvania. He was admitted to practice during the June Term of 1874, and was made a counselor in 1877. He speedily established a large criminal practice. Mr. Harned was a delegate to the Chicago Convention which nominated James G. Blaine for the Presidency in 1884.

CHARLES VAN DYKE JOLINE was born August 7, 1851 and educated at the Academy and the State Model School, Trenton, N.J. He entered Princeton College in September, 1868, and was graduated from that institution in June, 1871. He began the study of law with Peter L. Voorhees, of Camden, was made an attorney in 1874 and a counselor in 1877. Mr. Joline is one of the incorporators, and has been since its organization secretary, of the Camden County Bar Association.

EDWARD DUDLEY was, born January 17, 1849, in Camden, where his early studies were pursued. Accompanying his father to England, he became a pupil of the Royal Institution School, in Liverpool. He returned to America in 1866 and entered Harvard College, from which he was graduated in 1870. Mr. Dudley then made an extended foreign tour, and was soon after appointed United States vice-counsul and acted as consul at Liverpool. He thus officiated until his return to Camden, in January, 1873, when, entering the office of Peter L. Voorhees as a student of law, he was admitted as an attorney in November, 1874, and as a counselor in 1877. He is a director and solicitor of the National State Bank of Camden.

ALEXANDER GRAY was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pa., February 5, 1834, and received his education at the common schools. He engaged for several years in business in his native city, and followed mechanical engineering and mining until 1866. In 1870 he began the study of law with G. Lytel, Esq., of Princeton, N.J.; was admitted as an attorney in 1875, and as counselor in 1878. He practiced in Mercer County until his removal to Camden, in 1880.

JOHN T. WOODHULL was born July 12, 1850, at Mays Landing, Atlantic County, N.J. He was educated at home, at Freehold and in Philadelphia; began the study of law in 1869 with Alden C. Scovel, of Camden, and spent one year at the Harvard Law School. He was admitted February, 1875, and has since practiced in Camden.

WILLIAM C. DAYTON was born in July, 1851, in Camden, and received his academic education at the West Jersey Academy, Bridgeton, N.J., and in Philadelphia. He afterward entered Princeton College and began the study of law with his father, James B. Dayton, of Camden, was admitted as an attorney in February, 1875, and as a counselor in February, 1878. He is a director of the Camden Safe Deposit and Trust Company and of the Camden and Atlantic Railroad.

THOMAS E. FRENCH was born in Burlington County, N.J., January 5, 1855, and educated at the select and common schools of that county. He, in April, 1870, entered the law-office of B.D. Shreve, of Camden; was admitted as an attorney in February, 1876, and as a counselor February, 1879. He began practice in Camden, formed a co-partnership with William S. Casselman, which firm was succeeded by Garrison, French & Casselman, and later by Garrison & French.

PETER V. VOORHEES was born in Middlesex County June 18, 1852, and took his preparatory course at the Rutgers College Grammar School, New Brunswick, from whence he entered college in 1869, and graduated in 1873. He began his law studies with Peter L. Voorhees, of Camden, was admitted as an attorney in 1876, and three years after as counselor. He is associated with Peter L. Voorhees in the practice of his profession.

JOHN K.R. HEWITT was born in Camden January 29, 1855, and pursued his early studies at home and at the public schools. He then engaged in business and began the study of law some years later. He was made an attorney in June, 1876, and a counselor in 1880. He was elected, in 1878, solicitor for Gloucester City, and was clerk and solicitor for the Board of Chosen Freeholders of Camden County from May, 1880 to 1881.

SAMUEL. D. BERGEN, brother of Martin V. and Christopher A., was born April 9, 1852, at Harlingen, Somerset County, New Jersey; received his early education at Edge Hill School; entered Princeton College in September, 1868, joining the class of 1872. On leaving college in 1872 he commenced the study of law with his brothers at Camden, and graduated as an attorney-at-law in June, 1876. He was admitted as counselor-at-law in November, 1879, and has perhaps more reputation from the suit of the Freeholders vs. Alfred Haines, steward of the almshouse, than in any other one cause. He carried this suit through five trials or phases, being successful in each one and secured a final decision in favor of the plaintiffs. He married Eliza F., daughter of Genge Browning.

AUGUST F. RICHTER is a native of Philadelphia, where he was born September 10, 1855. He was educated at La Salle College and at Bryant & Stratton’s Business College, Philadelphia, and began his law studies in 1871 with Marmaduke B. Taylor, of Camden. These studies were continued at the Law Department of the University of Pennsylvania, after which he was admitted to practice at the November Term in 1876. He was, three years later, made a counselor.

JOSEPH WILLARD MORGAN was born July 6, 1854, on a farm near Blackwood, now Gloucester, then Camden, County, N.J., and educated at the common schools in his native county and in Philadelphia. He began the study of law with Honorable Charles P. Stratton, of Camden; was admitted as an attorney in February, 1877, and as a counselor in February, 1881. He was appointed to fill a vacancy in the City Council of Camden soon after reaching his majority, later elected for three years and subsequently re-elected. He has been for several years United States commissioner and is now city solicitor for the city of Camden.

SAMUEL W. SPARKS is a native of Williamstown, N.J., where he was born December 30, 1855. He was educated at Absecom, Atlantic County, N.J., and afterward learned the trade of a printer, which he followed for four years. He began the study of law with Alden C. Scovel, of Camden, and was admitted to practice in 1877. He is master and solicitor in Chancery, and has also been admitted to practice in the State of Iowa.

TIMOTHY J. MIDDLETON was born October 13, 1855, and educated in the city of Camden. He entered the office of Thomas B. Harned in June, 1874; was admitted as an attorney in 1878 and as counsellor in 1881. He has for several years been solicitor for the Board of Education of Camden, was in 1881 elected chosen freeholder and in 1882 clerk and solicitor for the Board of Chosen Freeholders.

LEMUEL J. POTTS, a native of Camden, was born March 17, 1843, and educated at the public schools as also by private tutors. Removing to Illinois, he engaged in business, and on his return from the West began the study of law with Alden C. Scovel, of Camden. He was admitted to the bar in 1878, and three rears later was made a counselor.

CHARLES G. GARRISON, M.D., is a native of Swedesboro’, N.J. His education was received at the Edge Hill School, Princeton, at the Episcopal Academy, Philadelphia, and at the University of Pennsylvania. He graduated in 1872 from the Medical Department of that institution, and until 1876 practiced medicine in Swedesboro’, N.J. He then entered the office of Samuel H. Grey, of Camden, and was admitted to the bar in 1878. He began practice in Camden as a member of the firm of Garrison & French. Mr. Garrison was made judge advocate-general of the National Guard of New Jersey in 1884 and chancellor of the Southern Diocese of the Protestant Episcopal Church of New Jersey in 1882.

WILLIAM S. HOFFMAN is a native of Philadelphia and was born February 2, 1857. His education was received in the public schools of that city and in New York. He began the study of law in Camden wish Alfred Hugg, Esq.; was admitted as an attorney in November, 1878, and as a counselor in November, 1881. He has received the appointment of master and examiner in Chancery.

HENRY A. SCOVEL, a native of Camden, N.J., was born February 25, 1858, and attended the school of Charles F. Woodhull, from whence he entered the Hyatt Military Academy, at Chester, Pa. He was admitted as an attorney February 26, 1879, and as a counselor at the June Term, 1884.

WM. S. CASSELMAN was born December 5, 1854, in Philadelphia, and coming to Camden quite young, was educated in the public schools; read law with Judge Charles P. Stratton; was admitted to the bar as an attorney in June, 1879, and as a counselor in June, 1883.

JONAS S. MILLER was born at Cape May City and educated at the West Jersey Academy, at Bridgeton. He served an apprenticeship as a printer, and followed the trade until 1875, when, entering upon the study of law, he became a student in the office of his brother, Hon. Richard T. Miller, of Camden. He was made an attorney in 1879, and a counselor in 1883. During the latter year he was appointed prosecutor of the pleas for Cape May County, N.J., and still fills the office.

FRANKLIN C. WOOLMAN was born October 11, 1855, in Burlington, N.J. He was educated in Philadelphia and later entered Princeton College. He began the study of law in 1875, in the office of Hon. David J. Pancoast, of Camden, and graduated from the Law Department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1877. Mr. Woolman was admitted to the bar as an attorney in 1879, and as counselor in 1883.

EDWARD AMBLER ARMSTRONG was born in Woodstown, Salem County, N.J., December 28, 1858, and educated in the Woodstown Academy and the Millville High School. In 1876 he entered the law-office of George N. Conrow, and, upon the death of the latter, finished his studies with Benjamin D. Shreve, of Camden. He was admitted to the bar at the February Term of 1880. In 1883 he was elected to the Assembly from the First District of Camden County, and upon his re-election, in 1884, was made Speaker of the House at the age of twenty-six years, being the youngest man who has occupied the position. He was elected for the third term in 1885, and was re-elected Speaker, being by virtue of that office a trustee of the State School Board and a member of the State Board of Education.

SAMUEL K. ROBBINS was born in Mount Holly, N.J., May 9, 1853, and after a preparatory course, graduated at Princeton College in 1874. In 1877 he began the study of law with Charles E. Hendrickson, of Mount Holly; was admitted June, 1880, and as a counsellor in 1884. He is the present prosecutor of the pleas for the county of Burlington. Mr. Robbins also has an office in Moorestown, N.J.

SAMUEL P. JONES was born in Kent County, Delaware, and educated principally in Burlington County, N.J., and Camden. He began the study of law in 1876, and was admitted to the bar in 1880. He has since been engaged in practice in Camden.

EDMUND B. LEAMING was born at South Seaville, Cape May County, N.J., May 27, 1857, and educated by his father. He graduated at the Capital City Commercial College, Trenton; began the study of law with Judge James Buchanan, of Trenton, in 1877; was admitted in February, 1881, and made a counselor three years after. He is a member of the firm of Leaming, Black & Rhoads, of Camden.

JOHN J. CRANDALL was born in Tioga County, N.Y., November 8, 1836, and educated at the academy in Oswego, N.Y. He entered the law-office of Thomas Farrington, of the same town, and continued his studies at Troy, Pa., while principal of the Troy Academy. He was admitted to practice in the courts of Michigan in 1856, where he pursued his profession until 1870. Removing to New Jersey, he was admitted to the Camden County bar at the June Term of 1880, and as counselor in 1883.

FLORANC F. HOGATE, a native of Gloucester County, N.J., was born March 15, 1858, and educated at Bridgeton, in the common schools and at the West Jersey Academy. He entered the office of M.B. Taylor, Esq., as a student; was admitted to the bar at the February Term, 1881, and at once began practice in Camden. He is officially connected with several important corporations in the State.

JOHN HARRIS was born in Burlington County, N.J., May 19, 1860, and in youth attended the common schools. He entered the law-office of Messrs. Jenkins & Jenkins, in Camden, and was admitted as an attorney in June, 1881; three years later he was made a counselor. He was elected clerk of the Board of Chosen Freeholders in May, 1886. He is a member of the law-firm of Scovel & Harris.

HENRY M. SNYDER, JR., was born February 15, 1857, in Philadelphia, and educated at the public schools, he read law with Peter L. Voorhees, of Camden; was admitted as an attorney in 1881, and as counselor in 1884. He is, for the second term, a member of the Camden City Council.

B.F.H. SHREVE was born at Mount Holly, and graduated at Trinity College, Hartford, Conn. He began the study of law with B.D. Shreve, and was admitted as an attorney in 1883. He is located in Camden.

CHARLES I. WOOSTER was born in Hammonton, N.J., March 25, 1846, and received his preliminary education at the public schools of Camden County. He was afterward made deputy county clerk and under-sheriff of the county. He entered the law-office of Messrs. Bergen & Bergen, attorneys, as a student, and began practice in June, 1881, when he was admitted.

WILLIAM W. WOODHULL, JR., was born July 12, 1858, at May’s binding, New Jersey, and received his early education in private schools of Camden. He began the study of law, October 3, 1876, in the office of Peter L. Voorhees, and was admitted to practice at the June term of court, 1881. He was for something over a year in the office of Colonel Isaac Buckalew, then superintendent of the Amboy Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad, as private secretary. He died February 9, 1882, just as he was about entering upon the practice of law. He was a young man of remarkable promise.

ALFRED L. BLACK was born November 16, 1858, in Chesterfield township, Burlington County, N.J. After attending a private school in Ocean County, N.J., he entered the sophomore class at Princeton and graduated June 20, 1878. He began the study of law with James Wilson, Esq., of Trenton, N.J.; was admitted in November, 1881, and made a counselor in 1884. He began practice in Camden in 1881 as one of the firm of Leaming & Black (now Leaming, Black & Rhoads). The firm are city solicitors for Cape May, Sea Isle City, Anglesea, Ocean City and South Atlantic City.

HOWARD J. STANGER a native of Camden, was born in Camden County, N.J., December 29, 1857, and educated principally by private tutors. He entered upon the study of law in the spring of 1878 with Hon. Charles T. Reed, of Camden; was made an attorney at the June Term of 1882, and a counselor in June, 1885. He is a master, examiner and solicitor in Chancery.

JOHN W. WARTMAN was born in Camden, N.J., December 16, 1857, and educated at the public schools. He began the study of law with Thomas B. Harned, June 1, 1878; was admitted to practice in June, 1882, and as counselor in June, 1885. He had been for three years a member of the City Council of Camden.

HOWARD CARROW was born September 30, 1860, in Camden, Delaware, and educated at Bridgeton and in Philadelphia. He began the study of law with Thomas B. Harned, of Camden, and was admitted in June, 1882. Three years later he was made a counselor. He was also, in 1882, admitted as member of the United Suites Court.

EDMUND E. READ, JR., son of John S. Read, was born in Camden, August 7, 1859. He obtained a preparatory education in the school of William Fewsmith, at 1008 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, and then entered the University of Pennsylvania, from which institution he was graduated with the degree of A.B., in the year 1879. Studied law in the office of Peter L. Voorbees, and was admitted to the bar in June, 1862, and has since practiced in Camden. He is a director of the Camden Fire Insurance Association; secretary of the Franklin, People’s and City Building Associations, and secretary of the Gloucester Turnpike Company.

SAMUEL W. BELDON was born in Bordentown, N.J., April 4, 1861, and graduated at the New Jersey Collegiate Institute in 1876. He began the study of law with ex-Judge James Buchanan in 1878, was admitted to the bar as an attorney in 1882, and as counselor in 1885. He entered into partnership with Judge Buchanan in 1882, and two years later became a member of the firm of Hutchinson & Beldon, of Camden and Bordentown.

JOHN F. HARNED was born March 28, 1856, in Camden, and educated at the public schools. He acquired the trade of a printer, followed it for six years and began the study of law in 1878 with M.B. Taylor, Esq., of Camden. He was admitted to the bar during the fall term of 1882, and as a counselor in November, 1885. He has since practiced in Camden.

EDWARD H. SAUNDERS, son of the surveyor of the same name, was born in Camden, read law with Howard M. Cooper, was admitted to practice in November, 1882, and died about two years later.

THOMAS P. CURLEY, a native of Camden, was born September 19, 1861, and received his education in the parochial schools connected with the Church of the Immaculate Conception and the La Salle College, Philadelphia. He chose the law as a profession; was admitted as an attorney November, 1882, and made a master in Chancery in February, 1883.

ROBERT C. HUTCHINSON was born in Yardville, Mercer County, N.J., December 14, 1859, and educated at the Lawrenceville High School and at Harvard College. He entered the Harvard Law School, continued his studies with the late Alden C. Scovel, of Camden, and admitted to the bar in 1883. He has offices in Camden and Bordentown, and is a member of the firm of Hutchinson & Belden.

WALTER P. BLACKWOOD was born at Moorestown, N.J., November 26, 1861, and educated in the public schools of Camden. He adopted the law as a profession in 1878, studied with J. Willard Morgan, and was admitted in February, 1883.

RICHARD S. RIDGWAY was born in Camden August 7, 1859, and received his education at the public schools. He entered the law -office of Alfred Hugg in 1879, and was made an attorney in 1883.

ISRAEL ROBERTS was born in Burlington County, N.J., June 19, 1858, received his early education at private schools, and graduated from Swarthmore College, Pa., in 1878. He entered the office of Thomas H. Dudley & Son as a student of the law in September, 1880, and was admitted to the bar as an attorney in 1883.

GEORGE REYNOLDS was born in Philadelphia, Jan. 30, 1859, and educated at the Burlington (N.J.) public schools. He studied law whim Hon. Richard T. Miller, of Camden, and was made an attorney in February, 1884.

SAMUEL N. SHREVE was born Sept. 21, 1860, at Mount Laurel, Burlington Co., N.J., and finished his academic studies at the Westtown Boarding-School, Chester Co., Pa. He chose the law as a profession, and, entering the office of Benjamin D. Shreve, of Camden, was admitted at the February Term, 1884.

ULYSSES G. STYRON was born it Cape Hatteras, N.C., September 3, 1868, and pursued his studies at the common schools of his county. In May, 1873, he came to Camden, and entered the office of Hon. E.A. Armstrong as a student Jan. 1, 1881. He was admitted to practice at the February Term, 1885.

L.D.H. GILMOUR was born October 27, 1860, at Cape May City and educated at the South Jersey Institute, Bridgeton. He became a student in law-office of H.M. Cooper in 1881 and was made an attorney in 1885. He is also associated with the Pennsylvania Railroad.

GEORGE A. VROOM was born Oct. 21, 1861, in New Brunswick, N.J., and received his education at Rutgers College. He began the study of law with John T. Woodhull, Esq., of Camden, and was admitted to the Camden County bar at the June term of 1885, after which he began practice in Camden.

JOSHUA E. BORTON was born November 16, 1861, in Mount Laurel, Burlington County, New Jersey, and educated at the public schools at Bordentown and in Chester County, Pa. He became a student of the law in November, 1880, under the preceptorship of Messrs. Jenkins & Jenkins, of Camden, and was admitted in November, 1884.

WILLIAM P. FOWLER, born in Philadelphia October 7, 1857, was educated at the Mouth Jersey Institute, Bridgeport, N.J., read law with Judge David J. Pancoast and Marmaduke B. Taylor, Esq., of Camden, and was admitted to the bar November 6, 1884.

SCHUYLER C. WOODHULL born Oct. 22, 1863, in Camden and was educated by a private tutor. He began the study of law with his brother, Hon. Geo. S. Woodhull, in 1881, and concluded with Judge David J. Pancoast, after which he was admitted in Feb., 1886.

PENNINGTON T. HILDRETH was born at Cape May Court -House and educated at Pennington, N.J. He began his legal studies in 1882 with John B. Hoffman, Esq., and concluded them with Judge David J. Pancoast, of Camden. He was made an attorney at the June Term of 1886.

"THE CAMDEN COUNTY BAR ASSOCIATION" was incorporated April 16, 1881, by Abraham Browning, Thomas H. Dudley, Peter L. Voorhees, Benjamin D. Shreve, Christopher A. Bergen, Richard T. Miller, Howard M. Cooper, David J. Pancoast, Herbert A. Drake, William C. Dayton, Peter V. Voorhees, Charles V.D. Joline. Its objects were "To maintain the honor and dignity of the profession, to cultivate social relations among its members, to promote and encourage the more profound study of the law, the due administration of justice and reform in the law and to establish and maintain an efficient law library in the City of Camden."

Meets first Monday of every month at its library, 106 Market Street, Camden. Annual meeting, first Monday of May each year. There are about forty-three members. The present officers are, - President, Abraham Browning; 1st Vice President, Thomas H. Dudley; 2d Vice President, Peter L. Voorhees; Treasurer, Howard M. Cooper; Secretary, Charles V.P. Joline. Managers, C.A. Bergen, chairman; B.D. Shreve, C.D. Shreve, R.T. Miller, H.A. Drake, P.V. Voorhees, W.S. Casselman. There are also the following committees: Admission, grievances, prosecutions, amendment of the law.

The association maintains a library that is constantly growing in size and value. Its rooms are on the third floor of 106 Market Street, adjoining the chambers of the Court of Chancery, and are complete in every respect as a place for lawyers to retire and work up a difficult case. Among the books are the English Common law and Equity Reports amid the Reports of the United States Supreme Court. Reports of the States of Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, California, besides a large number of digests, commentaries, statutes, etc.

The association has taken a great interest in legislation, and every winter since its organization it has introduced bills looking to the improvement of local measures and sent a committee to the Legislature to effect their passage.

SOURCE: Page(s) 196-237, History of Camden County, New Jersey, by George R. Prowell, L.J. Richards & Co. 1886
Published 2010 by the Camden County Genealogy Project

Isaac H. Porter.	John Gill.
Edmund Brewer.	Joshua P. Browning.
James W. Lamb.	Ebenezer Toole.
Alexander Cooper.	Joseph J. Smallwood.
Joel Bodine.	Edward P. Andrews.
Isaac Adams.	James Jennett.
Gerrard Wood.	David E. Marshall.
John M. Kaighn.	Henry Allen.
Joseph G. Shinn.	William Corkery.
John D. Glover.	James D. Dotterer.
Joseph H. Coles.	Christopher Sickler.

JUSTICES OF THE SUPREME COURT.
Thomas P. Carpenter.	1845-1852
Stacy G. Potts.	1852-1859
John Van Dyke.	1859-1866
George S. Woodhull	1866-1880
Joel Parker.	1880-1887
PRESIDENT LAW JUDGES.
Charles P. Stratton.	1872 -1877
David J. Pancoast.	1877 -1882
Charles T. Reed.	1882-1885
John W. Westcott.	1885-

Chapter XIII The Bench and Bar of Camden County

Chapter XIII
The Bench and Bar of Camden County