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ATHLETICS, LIBRARIES AND STUDENT ACTIVITIES
EARLY SCHOOL
ATHLETICS. Athletics in American schools-baseball, football, basketball, tennis
and so on-are emphasized for many reasons. The essence of athletics suggests
that "the game be played, forgotten and 'we look for- ward to another day, or
opportunity'." Educators agree that school athletics teach and inspire teamwork,
give-and-take attitudes and fair play, characteristic of the American way of
life; that they build school morale, stimulate public interest in education and
loyalty to educational efforts.
According to the
HANDBOOK FOR TEACHERS-"The program of interscholastic athletics is an integral
part of the broad program of physical education and is a part of the general
plan which provides experience for those who participate - and it shall be the
duty of the head coach to utilize- (program) for the purpose of developing those
who participate in right living, mental alertness and in physical and moral
development."
The American press
features athletics editorially and in response to public interest.
Unfortunately, concurrent records are limited. Human recollections are often not
reliable. Those of former students and faculty members must be relied upon
chiefly for this chapter on school athletics.
Athletics in Marlin's
schools arose with a general movement among other educational institutions.
Prior to about 1908, Marlin school "athletics" consisted chiefly of improvised
games and activities of pupils themselves, including leap- frog,
wolf-over-the-river, foot races, baseball with home-made bats and balls,
"things" for bases and lopsided diamonds; and other activities, including
settlement of personal differences by combat. Less vigorous activities included
marbles, mumble-peg, drop the handkerchief and so on. These student- improvised
"athletics" brought added problems to teachers, striving to maintain order and
discipline in school. The future citizens frequently rebelled and became unruly
in their imagined boredom.
References to
athletics in the minutes of the board of education are few. They refer chiefly
to matters pertaining to rules of play and academic requirements of
participants. The first mention of athletics bears date of October 4, 1909, and
reads, "The superintendent (W. F. Doughty) was authorized to allow the football
team to go to Bryan, October 8, 1909, for a game with Allen Academy-." The
minutes set forth rules for "the guidance of the athletics" and required
conformance to the "rules of the Athletic Association."
In the beginning of
any movement-in school and else- where-the names of a few people come to the
forefront, such as did the names of Orville and Wilbur Wright, who invented the
airplane. Names of athletic directors, participants and events mentioned herein
stem from the fact they were among the first to be active in athletics and
subject matter is based upon human recollections. Such is the way of life. Names
of the Wright brothers are perpetuated, while those who improved their crude
contraption to make it practical are little known if not overlooked or
forgotten. So it is with school athletics in Marlin.
In search of
information to establish when and by whom athletics started in Marlin's schools,
much correspondence and many interviews were engaged in, especially with
students who graduated between 1907 and 1910. It seems the schools began
sponsoring or supervising athletics between those years, although previously
token-favor may have been given to it. Especially helpful in the search were:
Raymond Barnett and Fonzie Robertson of Marlin; George S. Stall.- worth of
Levelland, now (1959) of Marlin; A. H. ( Bert) Donohoo of Corsicana; Walter S.
(Red) Hunnicutt of EI Paso; Sam Pierson of Bryan; Charles L. Robertson of
Dallas; and Floyd G. Betts of Port Arthur, who moved to Dallas later. Names of
others appear subsequently.
EARLY ATHLETIC
DIRECTORS AND ATHLETES RECALLED. Most former students agreed that among the
first athletic directors were: E. C. Arnold, elected manual training teacher in
September, 1906; C. E. Boles, Latin teacher in August, 1906; and Denton Ledford,
manual training teacher in September, 1907. Probably others may have directed or
participated in establishing athletics, but information about them is lacking.
There are reasons to believe there were no school-sponsored programs earlier
than the 1906-07 school year, although athletic interest had manifested itself.
Charles H. Barclay of
Marlin recalled that about 1907 a teacher "lectured to some of us boys about
football, drew some illustrations on a black-board and, for practice, had us
line up on the school grounds and 'run signals.' We did. We stooped over,
listened to one of us call numbers and at a signal sprint forward and run here
and there-all of which we did not understand. Some of us got bored, considered
it foolish-and quit practice!"
Raymond Barnett said
he was of the opinion that the first inter-'school football game Marlin school
boys played was when Denton Ledford was coach. He did not recall the game
played, but that Walter S. Hunnicutt was Marlin's quarter- back, two brothers,
named Moore, a boy, named Nettles, probably, J. R. Hunnicutt, Sam Pierson and
Jesse Eddins were on the team.
Rupert Robertson of
Marlin thought Professor (C. E.) Boles, who became Latin teacher in mid-1906,
was the first director of athletics, although no games were played until later.
He recalled a baseball game with Allen Academy of Bryan in 1908, in which "we
got licked." He recalled that Rodney and Bert Donohoo, brothers, Willis Dunkum
and he was on the team and "I received a lot of 'razzing' because of my long,
skinny legs chasing flies in right field."
Fonzie Robertson said
the first organized team was about 1906 or 1907 with "Professor Arnold-as manual
training teacher and coach-. Only rudiments of football play were practiced. A
year later, Professor Ledford was coach. That year the school had a regular,
suited-out team, but could not get a schedule. It did, however, bring
Temple HS here for a game, but it was called off in the first quarter on account
of steady rain."
George A. Stallworth,
who played on baseball teams, re- called the first football game with Temple;
also some equipment members of the team used. He said, "-our boys had no
tailor-made uniforms, or helmets. There were a few items of bought-equipment,
such as nose-guards, stockings and shoes. -Later, Marlin began games with Waco
High that led to intense rivalry, for Marlin was able to defeat them on numerous
occasions.- From the impetus these games gave, (Marlin) high school athletics,
including track and baseball, experienced a most successful era. One great track
team went to Chicago, Illinois, to compete on the national scale, some of the
participants being Jesse Nettles, Irby Curry, and the Carr brothers (Lewin and
Alvah). Numerous outstanding athletes followed-Curry, the Hunnicutts, Donohoos,
Ben Rice and others."
Sam Pierson reported that the "Temple high school team had been
playing for sometime and, as a result, won the first game in Marlin, 90 to 0."
He did not mention the year and it may have been the game referred to by Mr.
(Fonzie) Robertson. Mr. Pierson was under the impression Professor Led- ford was
coach and had given the team a thorough routine of coaching. The coach had told
him to "hit' em low and hit 'em hard and hold that line, so I was badly battered
and turned in my suit on the following Monday morning." He recalled some of the
other players-Brooks and Gray Moore (brothers), Irby Curry, Bert Donohoo, Frank
Reed and probably Rodney Donohoo and Tom Goodrich.
Mr. Pierson said
Professor Ledford organized boxing for the older and younger boys of the school
and the boys "showed a great amount of skill. Those with whom I com- peted,
however, showed little skill and, instead, went the slugging route. Boxing was
done in the basement of the school building." Baseball teams had had better
success ''as our teams had been organized sometime before-some of the players
were Frank Reed, Chesley Snell, Garland deGraffenreid, J. R. Hunnicutt, R. T.
(Sport) Brothers, Cicero Holt, Albert
Richey, George Stallworth and myself. -We played an exhibition game (baseball)
with the New York Giants, who were in training in Marlin. The game was worse
than the football game, but we didn't get hurt." Floyd G. Betts said proceeds
from the game was given to Marlin High School for baseball equipment, sorely
needed at the time. "One of the greatest thrills of my life was when I got a hit
off Christy Matheson, the immortal Giant pitcher," he said.
Albert H. (Bert)
Donohoo was not sure of the dates of his first athletic experiences in the
schools, but said they were probably about 1908 when a Mr. Barnes (probably B.
H. Barnes, mathematics teacher) was coach. "He worked hard with us," he said.
"We had no rigging, head-gear or pads. He bought some cloth and gauze and had
someone make them. They were sights-don't think we ever used them. The next year
we tried to get some big boys on the team, but never won a game that year. -We
were green and had not found out what it was all about. But in about three
years, we did learn and gave a good account of ourselves."
THE DAILY DEMOCRAT
(newspapers) of November 7, 1958, reported that the football team (members) of
1910 was honored at the 1958 annual homecoming of Marlin Ex- Students
Association without reviewing exploits of the team or the source of its
information. The newspapers reported the following were members of the team:
Wilson T. Betts, Irby Curry, William Stanley, Wilmer Chatham, John Moore, Bill
Erwin, Talmadge (Sport) Brothers, Floyd Betts, Bert Donohoo, Rudolph Portele and
J. R. Hunnicutt.
Bert Donohoo said
Marlin's school had a good baseball team in 1908, having built one for about two
years. By 1910, the Marlin team was hard to beat and, when school was out, the
boys continued as a team, playing in Marlin west of the courthouse at "Rimes
Park" on Fortune street, west of Vance street and extending to the
Marlin-Chilton highway. He re- called that the team and assistants, with work
and donations, first built walls around the east and north sides of the park
(field) with second-hand tin and anything it could get; and later built a fence
or wall around other parts. Some of the players he recalled were Rodney and Bert
Donohoo, brothers, William ( Tookie) Stallworth, George Stallworth, Cuyler
Cousins, Russel Bowers, Leonard Dupuy, Gray Moore, Walter Hunnicutt and Rudolph
Portele.
About this time, Mr.
Hunnicutt wrote, in three years the team never lost a game, although it played
only two in 1907. He recalled the team played during the summers any team that
"dared come our way." He accredited the Donohoo combination (Rodney, pitcher,
and Bert, catcher) as "going a long way in the team's success." Players he
recalled were the Donohoo brothers, Cuyler Cousins, Jesse Eddins, Gray Moore,
Leonard Dupuy, Rudolph Portele, Russel Bowers, Willis Dunkum, Jesse Nettles and
himself.
Regarding football
during the last two years of his school career (he graduated in 1909), Mr.
Hunnicutt said MHS never won a game, losing to Waco, Temple and St. Basil's
College of Waco, which won by the narrowest margin, 6 to O. "We had no track at
that time," others, however, being of the opinion there may have been track
teams in 1909.
In answer to inquiry
about his athletic experiences, Floyd Betts said the first basketball game Texas
A & M College of College Station ever played was with a Marlin team at College
Station in 1913, the year he graduated. Members of the team were Irby Curry,
Floyd Betts, Eugene Hailey, J. R. Hunnicutt, Rupert Robertson, Chesley Snell and
probably others he could not recall.
Charles Grady Cotten
of Fort Worth recalled that about 1906 or 1907 basketball was played on the
school grounds. "We had lots of fun playing with the girls," he said, "but
school officials soon forbade boys and girls playing together." Apparently, the
games were not under supervision of school officials, other than playground
surveillance.
ATHLETIC PROGRAMS
FIRMLY ESTABLISHED BY 1913. By 1913, probably earlier, athletics in Marlin's
school had been firmly established and teams and individuals then and thereafter
gave excellent accounts of themselves. The year 1913 was a successful one,
although records of football achievements and other events are limited. Probably
B. H. Barnes was athletic director, although C. V. Boving may have been, or
assisted. Track teams of 1913 brought honors to the school and Marlin, the high
school team coming within one- third of a point winning the state meet in
Austin. It was nosed out by Houston. Floyd Betts won first place in the 50-yard
dash, setting a new state record at the time; Lewin Carr was first in the mile
race; Betts, Carr, Rupert Robertson and Irby Curry ran the last lap in the mile
relay race in which Marlin won first place. After these successes the relay team
went to the National Interscholastic meet in Chicago, Illinois, in 1913,
expenses of the trip provided by local citizens. The team won second place on
the snow- covered, cinder tracks there.
It is hoped the above
information throws some light on the beginning of school-directed athletics in
Marlin. Student publications, especially THE STUDENTS VOICE, and newspapers
establish that Marlin's school athletics were definitely firmly established by
1913. Football, basketball and track teams-and baseball and tennis-were
respected among the schools of Texas for prowess, spirit of sportsmanship and
stamina. In Marlin, early events took place at "Rimes Park." Most spectators
milled about the side-lines of the field, even though eventually limited seats
were built in the northeast corner of the field.
MARLIN HIGH SCHOOL, a
student publication of 1913- 1914, recorded that volley ball was a popular sport
during the years after 1910. THE STUDENTS VOICE of 1914-15 recorded that the
high school football team of the year won over Mart and Mexia and lost to Allen
Academy of Bryan, Hillsboro, Waco and Gatesville. In 1915, under direction of
Don S. Caldwell, coach, the team piled up scores of 134 points to 26 for its
opponents-was unbeaten, but tied with Calvert. Edwin Gordon was captain of the
team-M. L. Caldwell was manager of athletics-and the team won the Central Texas
championship.
The same THE STUDENTS
VOICE reported the girls organized the first girls' basketball team and "played
three games, losing all, but gained lots of knowledge-" and had a
"laurel-winning season" as they (the girls) approached basket ball playing. On
the team were Fleta Mae Curry, Bess Tomlinson, Ruth Hayes, Florence Case, Lela
Kemper, Myrtle Conyers, Clarice Grusendorf, Cecil Bryant, Estella Grusendorf.
The publication noted, "Marlin High School was again at the head of the list (in
track), although not retaining the cup won by the team last year." It indicated
the trophy rightfully should have been retained, because Marlin had tied for the
championship and it was discovered the winning team had become ineligible for
having played an illegal participant.
By 1918-19, Marlin
schools had developed consistently in athletics and in a review by Coach
Caldwell it was noted foot- ball teams had won 32 games in 1918, tied 5 and lost
11; in 1915 and 1917 teams won the Central Texas championship; in basketball,
Marlin played 43 games, won 24 and lost 19; in track, one team won 5 county
meets, 1 district meet and 4 state meets, Marlin taking more than a half of all
points by all Texas teams.
Prior to 1920, high
school athletic teams, especially foot- ball, were given names prompted by an
incident of play or characteristics of players. When Wilson T. Betts was coach
and teams were quite successful, they were referred to as "Betts' Bad, Barking,
Biting Bulldogs."
"BULLDOGS" ADOPTED FOR
AN ATHLETIC NAME. In 1920, teams-and their members-were officially called
"Bulldogs." Opinions differ as to how the name was selected- a name adopted by
the student body. Some were (are) of the opinion the name originated after a
hotly contested game in which the team and players "held on like bulldogs."
Superintendent A. C. Ferguson of Commerce, Texas, in 1959 was accredited with
making the suggestion. When asked about it, he said he did not recall such a
remark. He was of the opinion Dr. A. J. Streit, member of the board of trustees
at the time, suggested "Bulldogs." J. M. Wilson of Marlin, business manager of
athletics in the 1920s, said several names were submitted in a contest for an
appropriate name and "Bulldog" was adopted by the student body. Buford Finley
said he submitted "bulldog" for the name, but Postmaster Claude Hamilton (now,
1959, Harlingen's postmaster) had submitted the same name which got to school
officials before his-so Mr. Hamilton got the prize. In 1958, Mr. Hamilton said
he recalled getting the prize, but not incidences of the matter. Earl Hancock of
Marlin, member of the football team at the time, said need of a name arose when
"we received new blankets for use on the playing field and needed a name to be
embroidered or stitched to them for identification."
SCHOOL LIBRARIES. An
historical book of 1893 re- corded that Marlin's schools had a library. It was
estimated by former students of the 1890s that the library contained about 20
books. In contrast, Marlin's high school library had about 4,400 books in 1959,
according to Mrs. Elizabeth F. Kirkpatrick, librarian; and the elementary school
library had over 4,000 books, according to Mrs. Loyd (Dixie L.) Chapman,
librarian.
Probably in the
beginning, books for the schools were donated by friends or students and
organizations provided means of raising money with which to buy them. Minutes of
the board of education show that in March, 1919, Mrs. Dick Clark of Dallas was
thanked for the gift of books from the library of the late A. E. Watson, her
father. The number of books donated by Mrs. Clark was not recorded, but many
recalled the number was impressive and a notable boost to the school's library.
Minutes of the board
of education also show monetary interest of the board in the libraries. Early
minutes record numerous incidences in which "allowances" were made for books, or
"library purposes." In April, 1939, Miss Lynn Eikel, Marlin teacher, was
employed "to organize the library." She is known to have contributed much to the
standards arid services of the libraries. Afterwards, the board "allowed $250
for library equipment and activities."
HANDBOOK FOR TEACHERS
recorded that "the library is of the greatest value-there is close cooperation
between the libraries and classrooms-books are purchased through assistance of
teachers and librarians."
LUNCH ROOM (CAFETERIA). Minutes of the board of education of August, 1936, reveal one of a few references to lunch rooms, or cafeterias. "Miss Elsie Neumann was given the privilege of operating a lunch room under the super- vision of the teacher of economics," the entry read. Mrs. Louis Busby, formerly Miss Neumann, said the lunch room was in the basement of the elementary building, which was later converted into the elementary school auditorium. She recalled she financed purchases of approved food and other edibles and sold them at authorized prices. She said others preceded her in operating a lunch room, one of whom was Mrs. Paul Otto, who may have been the first operator.
When the south rooms
of the gymnasium were remodeled in the 1940s to house the cafeteria, replacing
lunch rooms, cafeteria services went under direct supervision of a cafeteria
manager, Mrs. Thelma A. Chamberlain in 1959-60.
STUDENT ORGANIZATIONS
AND PUBLICATIONS. Decades ago, leader,5 in education visualized the wisdom of
teaching and practicing democratic principles in the schools. As a result,
student organizations arose, along with sundry student activities, to become
integral parts of school life. Student organizations, which probably left the
most lasting imprint upon the schools and students were the Student Council and
staffs of student publications. Also, contributing constructively to student
life were (are) the class organizations and acceptable clubs. If copies
of all student publications were available-Marlin Ex-Students Association is
trying to get them together in an archives-an unbroken narrative of school life
would be available and this volume would be more accurate and comprehensive.
Among other
organizations were: Bands (organized), Choral (Glee) Club, Marlin High School
Students' Organization, Pep Squad, Hi-Li Club and Future Farmers of America
(FFA) Club.
Others gleaned from
sundry sources were: Dramatic Club, Public Speaking Club, Forensic Club,
Debating Club and Debating and Declaiming Club, Literary Study Club, Girls'
Boosting Club, Boosting Club, Latin Club, Spanish Club, Economics Club, Se-Co
Club, Commercial Club, Marlin Quartette Society, Hiking Club, Foto Club,
Leathercraft Club, Needlette Club, Visual Aid Club, Model Builders and Square
Dance Club.
Interesting
information is that the Dramatic Club was organized in 1913 by Superintendent A.
C. Ferguson and its first officers were Chesley Snell, president; Millard
Turner, vice-president; Eulas Walker, secretary; Bertram LeNoir, treasurer;
Maurice Fannin, editor; Keith Chambers, sergeant- at-arms. It was recorded, "Tom
Ellsberry is always the wit of the floor. He is undoubtedly a natural monkey-I.
R. Hunnicutt, the advocate of horse sense."
The Hiking Club
suggests its purposes and was active in 1913-14. One of its annual parties was
held in the of Mr. and Mrs. I. N. Conyers, December, 1914. Refreshments were
served and the students enjoyed exchanging gifts, contests and strolling.