Essex County Information - Town History by Year

1666 The land purchased from the Indians by the Founders of Newark extended northward to the Passaic County Line and westward to the top of the Orange mountains.
1666 The first division of lots in Newark extended from Clay Street to Wright Street and from High Street to the railway line along present day Route 21 (McCarter Highway)
1793 The township of Springfield is formed from part of Elizabethtown and Newark.
1798 The Horseneck Tract separated from Newark. The present day towns include: West Caldwell, North Caldwell, Caldwell, Verona, Cedar Grove, Fairfield, Essex Fells, Roseland and Livingston.
1806 The mountain settlement at the foot of the Orange Mountains is incorporated as the Township of Orange. The township ran to the current western Newark city line and then northerly to the present town lines of Bloomfield and Montclair.
1812 Bloomfield Township is incorporated. The township included the present towns of Bloomfield, Montclair, Glen Ridge, Belleville and Nutley.
1813 Livingston is formed by rejoining sections of Springfield and Caldwell called "Canoe Brook."
1834 Clinton Township is formed from southern Newark, half of Orange and a small section of Elizabeth.
1839 Belleville is formed from the eastern third of Bloomfield.  Formally known as the Second River section of Newark.
1852 Irvington, originally known as Camptown, is formed from Clinton Township.
1853 Nutley is formed from part of Bloomfield Township.
1857 Millburn is incorporated as a township
1863 East Orange is formed from part of the Township of Orange.
1863 West Orange, originally known as Fairmount, is formed from part of the Township of Orange.
1868 Montclair is formed from part of Bloomfield Township.
1869 Part of Clinton Township returned to Newark.
1869 Woodside is formed from part of Belleville.
1869 South Orange Village is formed from part of the Township of Orange.
1871 Woodside returned to Newark.
1877 Short Hills (part of Millburn) is planned as a residential village.
1888 Essex Fells is purchased from the estate of General William Gould.
1889 Vailsburgh is formed from part of Newark.
1892 A small part of South Orange Township returned to Newark.
1892 Caldwell is formed. Present day towns included North Caldwell and West Caldwell.
1895 Glen Ridge is formed from part of Bloomfield Township.
1897 More parts of Clinton Township returned to Newark.
1898 North Caldwell is formed from part of Caldwell.
1902 The rest of Clinton Township returned to Newark.
1904 West Caldwell is formed from part of Caldwell.
1907 Vailsburgh returned to Newark.
1907 Verona is formed from part of Caldwell.
1908 A small part of the Maplewood section of South Orange Township returned to Newark.
1908 Cedar Grove is formed from part of Verona.
1908 Roseland is formed from part of Livingston.
1922 Maplewood is formed from South Orange Township.
1964 Fairfield is formed from Caldwell.